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Home / Equine Research Bank / Vet Immunol Immunopathol / Epitope shifting of gp90-specific cellular immune responses ...
Veterinary immunology and immunopathology2014; 161(3-4); 161-169; doi: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2014.08.001

Epitope shifting of gp90-specific cellular immune responses in EIAV-infected ponies.

Abstract: Unlike other lentiviruses, EIAV replication can be controlled in most infected horses leading to an inapparent carrier state free of overt clinical signs which lasts for many years. While the resolution of the initial infection is correlated with the appearance of virus specific cellular immune responses, the precise immune mechanisms responsible for control of the infection are not yet identified. Since the virus undergoes rapid mutation following infection, the immune response must also adapt to meet this challenge. We hypothesize that this adaptation involves peptide-specific recognition shifting from immunodominant variable determinants to conserved immunorecessive determinants following EIAV infection. Forty-four peptides, spanning the entire surface unit protein (gp90) of EIAV, were used to monitor peptide-specific T cell responses in vivo over a six-month period following infection. Peptides were injected intradermally and punch biopsies were collected for real-time PCR analysis to monitor the cellular peptide-specific immune responses in vivo. Similar to the CMI response to HIV infection, peptide-specific T cell recognition patterns changed over time. Early post infection (1 month), immune responses were directed to the peptides in the carboxyl-terminus variable region. By six months post infection, the peptide recognition spanned the entire gp90 sequence. These results indicate that peptide recognition broadens during EIAV infection.
Copyright © 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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Publication Date: 2014-08-10 PubMed ID: 25176006PubMed Central: PMC4337894DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2014.08.001Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research article discusses how the immune response of horses adapts over time to the Equine Infectious Anemia Virus (EIAV) infection. The study presents evidence that this adaptive mechanism involves recognition shifting from variable determinants to conserved determinants of a virus protein called gp90.

Introduction to the Topic

  • EIAV is a lentivirus, a type of retrovirus. Unlike other lentiviruses, most horses infected with EIAV can control the replication of the virus, leading to a non-apparent carrier state which lasts for many years.
  • The control of the virus is believed to be associated with specific cellular immune responses. However, the precise mechanisms behind this immune control have not yet been identified.
  • As EIAV undergoes rapid mutation post-infection, the immune response must adapt accordingly. The researchers propose that this adaptive response might involve a shift in peptide recognition from immunodominant variable determinants to conserved immunorecessive determinants

Methodology

  • The researchers used 44 peptides that span the entirety of the surface unit protein gp90 of EIAV to monitor in vivo peptide-specific T cell responses over a period of six months post-infection.
  • These peptides were injected intradermally, and punch biopsies were conducted for real-time PCR analysis to observe the cellular peptide-specific immune responses in vivo.

Results and Discussion

  • Changes in peptide-specific T cell recognition patterns were observed over time, similar to the Cell Mediated Immunity (CMI) response to HIV infection.
  • One month post-infection, immune responses were directed towards the peptides in the variable region near the carboxyl-terminus.
  • However, six months post-infection, the peptide recognition had broadened to span the entire sequence of gp90.
  • These results, therefore, support the study’s hypothesis that peptide recognition during EIAV infection becomes more wide-ranging over time.

Cite This Article

APA
Liu C, Cook SJ, Craigo JK, Cook FR, Issel CJ, Montelaro RC, Horohov DW. (2014). Epitope shifting of gp90-specific cellular immune responses in EIAV-infected ponies. Vet Immunol Immunopathol, 161(3-4), 161-169. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetimm.2014.08.001

Publication

Veterinary immunology and immunopathology
ISSN: 1873-2534
NlmUniqueID: 8002006
Country: Netherlands
Language: English
Volume: 161
Issue: 3-4
Pages: 161-169
PII: S0165-2427(14)00174-3

Researcher Affiliations

Liu, Chong
  • Department of Veterinary Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.
Cook, Sheila J
  • Department of Veterinary Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.
Craigo, Jodi K
  • Center for Vaccine Research and Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
Cook, Frank R
  • Department of Veterinary Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.
Issel, Charles J
  • Department of Veterinary Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.
Montelaro, Ronald C
  • Center for Vaccine Research and Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
Horohov, David W
  • Department of Veterinary Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA. Electronic address: David.Horohov@uky.edu.

MeSH Terms

  • Amino Acid Sequence
  • Animals
  • Antibodies, Viral / blood
  • Antibody Affinity
  • Epitopes
  • Equine Infectious Anemia / immunology
  • Equine Infectious Anemia / metabolism
  • Gene Expression Regulation, Viral / immunology
  • Genetic Variation
  • Glycoproteins / genetics
  • Glycoproteins / metabolism
  • Horses
  • Immunity, Cellular / physiology
  • Infectious Anemia Virus, Equine / genetics
  • Infectious Anemia Virus, Equine / metabolism
  • Viral Proteins / genetics
  • Viral Proteins / metabolism

Grant Funding

  • UL1 TR000117 / NCATS NIH HHS
  • UL1 TR000005 / NCATS NIH HHS
  • UL1RR033173 / NCRR NIH HHS
  • UL1 RR033173 / NCRR NIH HHS
  • R01 AI25850-23 / NIAID NIH HHS
  • R01 AI025850 / NIAID NIH HHS

Conflict of Interest Statement

. The authors declare no conflict of interest in this work.

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