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The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene1987; 36(1); 177-182; doi: 10.4269/ajtmh.1987.36.177

Epizootic vesicular stomatitis in Colorado, 1982: infection in occupational risk groups.

Abstract: In 1982-1983, an epizootic of vesicular stomatitis occurred in the western United States. Veterinarians, research workers, and regulatory personnel who were exposed to vesicular stomatitis virus were examined for patterns of human infection and prevalence of vesicular stomatitis New Jersey serotype neutralizing antibody. Insight into the mechanism of transmission was sought by comparing activities of antibody-positive and antibody-negative persons. A statistically significant risk factor was a history of infected animals sneezing in the face of serosurvey participants. Elevated odds ratios were also calculated for those who usually examined the oral cavity of affected animals, had open wounds on hands or arms, and had exposure to saliva through the eye or skin. Relatively intimate direct contact was required; a higher risk was associated with examining horses than cattle. Neutralizing antibody prevalence was significantly higher among exposed persons with illness (23%) than in exposed persons without a history of clinical illness (7%). Overall, however, infectivity of VSNJ for humans during the epizootic was low.
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Publication Date: 1987-01-01 PubMed ID: 3028192DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.1987.36.177Google Scholar: Lookup
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  • Journal Article

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This research article investigates an outbreak of vesicular stomatitis that occurred in 1982-1983 in the western United States, focusing on how the disease was transmitted among veterinarians, researchers, and regulatory personnel. Key outcomes reveal that the risk of infection was higher for those who had direct contact with infected animals, particularly horses, and those with exposed wounds or contact with animal saliva.

Background

  • The study takes a detailed look into an epidemic of vesicular stomatitis that took place in the western United States in the period of 1982-1983.
  • Vesicular stomatitis is a viral disease that primarily affects horses, cattle, and pigs, but can also infect humans, especially those in occupations involving close contact with infected animals.

Participants and Methodology

  • The study examined veterinarians, research workers, and regulatory personnel who had been exposed to the vesicular stomatitis virus (VSNJ).
  • It sought to identify patterns of infection and the prevalence of vesicular stomatitis New Jersey serotype neutralizing antibody, which helps in understanding immunity against the virus.
  • Participants were divided into two groups, those with the presence (antibody-positive) and absence (antibody-negative) of neutralizing antibodies.

Findings

  • Through comparing the activities of the two groups, the study identified that a significant risk factor for infection was when infected animals sneezed in the face of the participants.
  • Other activities found to escalate the risk include examination of the oral cavity of the diseased animals, presence of open wounds on hands or arms, and exposure to animal saliva through either the skin or eye.
  • The study emphasizes that intimate direct contact was necessary for transmission, with a higher risk associated with examining horses as compared to cattle.

Relation between Infection and Immunity

  • Neutralizing antibody prevalence was found to be significantly higher among the participants who fell ill (23%) than among those who were exposed to the virus but did not show signs of illness (7%).
  • This suggests that infection triggers a more robust immune response.

Infectivity and Risk

  • The general conclusion of the paper was that VSNJ’s infectivity for humans during this outbreak was low, indicating that while certain activities may increase risk, overall the transmission rate to humans was low.

Cite This Article

APA
Reif JS, Webb PA, Monath TP, Emerson JK, Poland JD, Kemp GE, Cholas G. (1987). Epizootic vesicular stomatitis in Colorado, 1982: infection in occupational risk groups. Am J Trop Med Hyg, 36(1), 177-182. https://doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.1987.36.177

Publication

The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene
ISSN: 0002-9637
NlmUniqueID: 0370507
Country: United States
Language: English
Volume: 36
Issue: 1
Pages: 177-182

Researcher Affiliations

Reif, J S
    Webb, P A
      Monath, T P
        Emerson, J K
          Poland, J D
            Kemp, G E
              Cholas, G

                MeSH Terms

                • Agricultural Workers' Diseases / microbiology
                • Animals
                • Antibodies, Viral / immunology
                • Cattle / microbiology
                • Colorado
                • Female
                • Horses / microbiology
                • Humans
                • Male
                • Neutralization Tests
                • Occupational Diseases / etiology
                • Risk
                • Stomatitis / epidemiology
                • Stomatitis / microbiology
                • Vesiculovirus / immunology
                • Veterinary Medicine
                • Virus Diseases / epidemiology
                • Virus Diseases / etiology

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