Equine autologous blood-based products contain variable quantities of transforming growth factor-β1, interleukin-1 receptor antagonist, and α2-macroglobulin.
Abstract: Quantify the concentration of α2-macroglobulin (A2M), immunomodulatory cytokines, and TGF-β1 factors in 4 commercially available autologous blood-based products including conditioned A2M (CA2M; Alpha2EQ; Astaria Global), autologous protein solution (APS; Pro-Stride; Zoetis), platelet-rich plasma (PRP; Restigen; Zoetis), and autologous conditioned plasma (ACP; Arthrex ACP). We hypothesized that CA2M would have higher concentrations of A2M and lower concentrations of cytokines and growth factors compared to APS, PRP, and ACP. Unassigned: Blood was obtained from 6 healthy, adult horses and processed into CA2M, APS, PRP, and ACP. The concentration of immunomodulatory cytokines, including IL-1β, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-17a, and TNF-α, and the concentration of the growth factor TGF-β1 were quantified using immunoassays. The concentration of the IL-1 receptor antagonist was quantified using ELISA. The concentration of A2M was quantified using mass spectrometry. Unassigned: No differences in the concentrations of IL-1β, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, and IL-17a were found. Median TGF-β1 was significantly higher in APS (10,801 pg/mL; P < .05), PRP (6,219 pg/mL; P < .05), and ACP (5,263 pg/mL; P < .05) compared to CA2M (2,090 pg/mL). The IL-1 receptor antagonist was significantly higher in APS (58.78 ng/mL) and PRP (40.45 ng/mL). Median A2M concentration was significantly higher in APS (4.08 mg/mL; P < .001) compared to CA2M (1.99 mg/mL). Unassigned: Autologous blood-based products have notably different immunomodulatory and growth factor profiles. These differences likely reflect variable concentrations of platelets and WBCs, as well as processing methods. Unassigned: Equine veterinarians should be aware of the constituents of the different orthobiologics available before use.
Publication Date: 2025-01-30 PubMed ID: 39892397DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.24.11.0363Google Scholar: Lookup
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- Journal Article
Summary
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The research article discusses a study focusing on comparing the concentration of various immunomodulatory and growth factor elements across four different types of equine autologous blood-based products.
Objective of the Study
- The study aimed to quantify and compare the concentration of specific components – α2-macroglobulin (A2M), immunomodulatory cytokines, and Transforming Growth Factor-β1 (TGF-β1) – in four types of commercially available autologous blood-based products. These products were conditioned A2M (CA2M), autologous protein solution (APS), platelet-rich plasma (PRP), and autologous conditioned plasma (ACP).
- The researchers hypothesized that CA2M would have higher concentrations of A2M and lower concentrations of cytokines and growth factors compared to APS, PRP, and ACP.
Research Methodology
- Blood was obtained from six healthy, adult horses and processed into the four types of autologous blood-based products being studied.
- The concentration of immunomodulatory cytokines (including IL-1β, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-17a, and TNF-α) and the concentration of TGF-β1 were quantified using immunoassays.
- The concentration of the IL-1 receptor antagonist was quantified using ELISA. The concentration of A2M was quantified using mass spectrometry.
Findings of the Study
- The study did not find any significant difference in the concentrations of IL-1β, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, and IL-17a.
- However, median TGF-β1 was significantly higher in APS, PRP, and ACP compared to CA2M.
- The concentration of the IL-1 receptor antagonist was found to be significantly higher in APS and PRP.
- They also noted that median A2M concentration was significantly higher in APS compared to CA2M.
Conclusion
- Through this study, it was observed that autologous blood-based products have different immunomodulatory and growth factor profiles. The researchers attribute these differences to variable concentrations of platelets and white blood cells, and the processing methods used.
- Based on the findings, the researchers recommend that equine veterinarians should be aware of the constituents of different orthobiologics before using them.
Cite This Article
APA
Barot D, Usimaki A, Linardi RL, Arensberg CM, Ortved KF.
(2025).
Equine autologous blood-based products contain variable quantities of transforming growth factor-β1, interleukin-1 receptor antagonist, and α2-macroglobulin.
Am J Vet Res, 86(4).
https://doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.24.11.0363 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Department of Clinical Studies-New Bolton Center, University of Pennsylvania, Kennett Square, PA.
- Department of Clinical Studies-New Bolton Center, University of Pennsylvania, Kennett Square, PA.
- Department of Clinical Studies-New Bolton Center, University of Pennsylvania, Kennett Square, PA.
- Bessemer Equine, Kennett Square, PA.
- Department of Clinical Studies-New Bolton Center, University of Pennsylvania, Kennett Square, PA.
MeSH Terms
- Animals
- Horses / blood
- Transforming Growth Factor beta1 / blood
- Interleukin 1 Receptor Antagonist Protein / blood
- alpha-Macroglobulins / analysis
- alpha-Macroglobulins / metabolism
- Cytokines / blood
- Platelet-Rich Plasma / chemistry
- Male
- Female
- Blood Transfusion, Autologous / veterinary
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