Equine coronavirus infection and replication in equine intestinal enteroids.
Abstract: In this study, equine intestinal enteroids (EIEs) were generated from the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum and inoculated with equine coronavirus (ECoV) to investigate their suitability as in vitro models with which to study ECoV infection. Immunohistochemistry revealed that the EIEs were composed of various cell types expressed in vivo in the intestinal epithelium. Quantitative reverse-transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) and virus titration showed that ECoV had infected and replicated in the EIEs. These results were corroborated by electron microscopy. This study suggests that EIEs can be novel in vitro tools for studying the interaction between equine intestinal epithelium and ECoV.
© 2024. The Author(s).
Publication Date: 2024-10-10 PubMed ID: 39390558PubMed Central: PMC11468410DOI: 10.1186/s13567-024-01381-zGoogle Scholar: Lookup
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Summary
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This research examined the use of equine intestinal enteroids as a model for studying equine coronavirus infection, and found that they were suitable for such work as the virus was able to infect and reproduce within them.
Study Design and Methodology
- This study was conducted to explore how well equine intestinal enteroids (EIEs) could serve as models for studying equine coronavirus (ECoV) infections. EIEs are a type of mini-organ grown in labs that resemble the structure and function of horse intestines.
- The research team extracted EIEs from different parts of the equine intestinal tract, namely the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum. They then infected these mini-organs with ECoV to investigate how well this virus would affect the enteroids.
- To see whether the EIEs resembled the in vivo intestinal epithelium in horses, the researchers performed immunohistochemistry. This technique involves tagging certain proteins or cells with dyes or fluorescent markers to visualize their presence and distribution.
Findings and Results
- Following ECoV infection, they monitored the EIEs using quantitative reverse-transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) and virus titration techniques. qRT-PCR is a method that allows researchers to measure the quantity of specific RNA, an indicator of viral replication, in a sample, while virus titration is used for measuring the concentration of virus in a given sample.
- The researchers found that ECoV was successfully infecting the EIEs, and was able to replicate within them. These findings were confirmed by electron microscopy, a technique that enables an in-depth view of the cell structures at a microscopic level.
Conclusion and Implications
- The study concluded that EIEs are suitable models for studying ECoV infection dynamics. They can provide insights into the interaction between equine intestinal epithelium and ECoV, which could be invaluable for future research or therapeutic development.
- These findings suggest that it would be possible to use these in vitro (lab-based) models to simulate and study the behavior of the virus in a controlled setup, without having to use live horses for the studies. These models also provide a platform for early stages of drug testing, before moving on to animal models and clinical trials.
Cite This Article
APA
Kambayashi Y, Nemoto M, Ochi A, Kishi D, Ueno T, Tsujimura K, Bannai H, Kawanishi N, Ohta M, Suzuki T.
(2024).
Equine coronavirus infection and replication in equine intestinal enteroids.
Vet Res, 55(1), 135.
https://doi.org/10.1186/s13567-024-01381-z Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Equine Research Institute, Japan Racing Association, 1400-4 Shiba, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, 329-0412, Japan.
- Equine Research Institute, Japan Racing Association, 1400-4 Shiba, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, 329-0412, Japan.
- Equine Research Institute, Japan Racing Association, 1400-4 Shiba, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, 329-0412, Japan.
- Equine Research Institute, Japan Racing Association, 1400-4 Shiba, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, 329-0412, Japan.
- Equine Research Institute, Japan Racing Association, 1400-4 Shiba, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, 329-0412, Japan.
- Equine Research Institute, Japan Racing Association, 1400-4 Shiba, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, 329-0412, Japan.
- Equine Research Institute, Japan Racing Association, 1400-4 Shiba, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, 329-0412, Japan.
- Equine Research Institute, Japan Racing Association, 1400-4 Shiba, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, 329-0412, Japan.
- Equine Research Institute, Japan Racing Association, 1400-4 Shiba, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, 329-0412, Japan.
- Division of Zoonosis Research, Sapporo Research Station, National Institute of Animal Health, 4 Hitsujigaoka, Toyohira, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 062-0045, Japan. suzuki106@affrc.go.jp.
MeSH Terms
- Animals
- Horses
- Horse Diseases / virology
- Virus Replication
- Coronavirus Infections / veterinary
- Coronavirus Infections / virology
- Intestinal Mucosa / virology
- Betacoronavirus 1 / physiology
Conflict of Interest Statement
The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
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