Equine ehrlichiosis in Italy.

This study is a review of the occurrence and presentation of equine granulocytic ehrlichiosis (EGE), a tick-borne disease in horses, in Italy from 1996 to 2002.

Objective of research

• The purpose of this research is to analyze the cases of equine granulocytic ehrlichiosis (EGE) in Italy from 1996 to 2002 in order to gain a better understanding of the disease’s manifestation in the country.

Methodology

• The authors observe and study various cases of EGE in Italy starting from its first reported case in 1996 up to the year 2002.
• A seroepidemiological survey was done in the province of Rome in 1997 where 563 animals were examined using Indirect Fluorescent Antibody Test (IFAT).
• The latest case described is from 2002 which was diagnosed with the help of laboratory tests like ELISA (Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay) and IFAT. They also observed the presence of morulae (clusters of bacteria) in the neutrophils of the horse’s blood.

Findings

• In all observed cases, the common clinical symptoms of the disease were fever, lethargy, limb edema (swelling), and thrombocytopenia (low platelet count). Some animals also demonstrated anorexia and petechiae (pinpoint, round spots that appear on the skin as a result of bleeding), and icterus (jaundice or yellowing of the skin).
• According to the authors, the prevalence of EGE is likely underestimated in Italy due to its non-specific clinical symptoms, the spread of specific infected vector (ticks), and the fact that specific laboratory tests are not routinely done.

Significance of research

• This review plays a vital role in understanding the occurrence and management of EGE in the equestrian community in Italy over a six-year period.
• It also emphasizes the need for more specific and routine testing to properly gauge the prevalence of EGE amongst horses in Italy.