Equine endometrial bacteria inhibition by metabolite and extracellular vesicles of Lactobacillus acidophilus and lactiplantibacillus plantarum.
Abstract: Endometritis is one of the main reproductive disorders in mares and due to the increasing prevalence of antibiotic resistance, the use of probiotics in the prevention and treatment of endometritis in mares has gained interest, given their potential to restore and maintain a healthy uterine microbiota. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial properties of total metabolites of Lactobacillus acidophilus (LA) and Lactiplantibacillus plantarum (LP) against common equine endometrial pathogenic bacteria in vitro (Acinetobacter baumannii, Escherichia coli (1), Escherichia coli (2), Escherichia coli (3), Escherichia coli (4), Enterobacter cloacae, Streptococcus equi, Staphylococcus warneri, Actinobacillus equi and Klebesiella pneumoniae), as well as to assess their low molecular weight metabolites (loM) and extracellular vesicle (EVs) inhibition capacity over a multidrug-resistant E. coli isolated from mares with clinical endometritis. The total metabolites of LA showed better inhibition on A. baumannii, E. coli (1) and E. cloacae, while those of LP inhibited E. coli (4), S. equi and A. equi. Besides total metabolites, loM of LA and LP can inhibit E. coli. LA EVs were more effective in preventing E. coli (2) compared to LA loM, while LP EVs presented inhibition but below 90%. The use of LA and LP in the mare's uterus may be an interesting approach to controlling endometritis. In addition to metabolites, EVs can contribute to the inhibition of multidrug-resistant E. coli.
© 2025. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V.
Publication Date: 2025-01-02 PubMed ID: 39747753PubMed Central: 11638949DOI: 10.1007/s11259-024-10626-3Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary
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The research investigates the potential use of certain types of probiotics to prevent and treat endometritis, a common reproductive disorder in horses, by evaluating their antimicrobial properties against common pathogenic bacteria in mares.
Study Objective
The objectives of this study were twofold. Firstly, to evaluate the inhibitory properties of total metabolites from Lactobacillus acidophilus (LA) and Lactiplantibacillus plantarum (LP) on common equine endometrial pathogenic bacteria. Secondly, to assess their low molecular weight metabolites (loM) and extracellular vesicle (EVs) inhibition capacity against a multidrug-resistant E.coli strain, isolated from mares with clinical endometritis.
Probiotics and Their Metabolites
- The use of probiotics for the prevention and treatment of endometritis has recently attracted attention due to growing concerns about antibiotic resistance and their ability to establish and maintain a healthy uterine microbiota.
- The probiotics evaluated in this study, LA and LP, have antimicrobial properties. These properties come from their metabolites which include their total metabolites (all bioactive compounds produced by the probiotics) and the loM which refer to smaller compounds produced by these probiotics.
- Moreover, the extracellular vesicles (EVs) produced by these probiotics, small particles containing bioactive compounds, were also evaluated for their antimicrobial properties.
Key Findings
- This study found that LA total metabolites were effective in inhibiting Acinetobacter baumannii, Escherichia coli (1) and Enterobacter cloacae. Similarly, LP total metabolites showed inhibitory effects on E. coli (4), Streptococcus equi and Actinobacillus equi.
- In addition to total metabolites, both LA and LP’s loM showed inhibitory effects on E. coli, implying both the overall and smaller compounds produced are effective.
- It was also found that the EVs from LA are more effective in inhibiting E. coli (2) compared to the loM from the same probiotic. The EVs from LP displayed inhibitory activity but it was less than 90%.
Conclusion and Implications
- In understanding these outcomes, the use of LA and LP probiotics may provide a novel, antibiotic-resistance counteractive approach for controlling endometritis in mares. It posits that the substances produced by these probiotics, including metabolites and EVs, may contribute to the inhibition of multidrug-resistant E. coli, a common cause of the disorder.
Cite This Article
APA
Bernabe MCM, Fonseca BB, Silva MVC, Pedrosa IE, Silva MB, Sommerfeld S, de Sousa ALP, de Leva Resende BC, Sousa ACP, Dos Santos Freitas A, de Azevedo VAC, Guédon É, da Silva ESM.
(2025).
Equine endometrial bacteria inhibition by metabolite and extracellular vesicles of Lactobacillus acidophilus and lactiplantibacillus plantarum.
Vet Res Commun, 49(1), 61.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11259-024-10626-3 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil.
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil.
- Graduate Program in Genetic and Biochemistry, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil.
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil.
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil.
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil.
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil.
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil.
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil.
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Department of Biology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Department of Biology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
- Postgraduate Program in Animal Science in the Tropics, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia Minas Gerais, Brazil.
- STLO, INRAE, Institut Agro, Rennes, France.
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil. elisasmsilva@ufu.br.
MeSH Terms
- Animals
- Horses
- Lactobacillus acidophilus / physiology
- Female
- Horse Diseases / microbiology
- Horse Diseases / prevention & control
- Probiotics / pharmacology
- Extracellular Vesicles / chemistry
- Extracellular Vesicles / metabolism
- Endometritis / veterinary
- Endometritis / microbiology
- Endometritis / prevention & control
- Anti-Bacterial Agents / pharmacology
- Endometrium / metabolism
- Endometrium / microbiology
Conflict of Interest Statement
Declarations. Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.
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