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Home / Equine Research Bank / Vet Res / Equine herpesvirus type 1 infection induces procoagulant act...
Veterinary research2013; 44(1); 16; doi: 10.1186/1297-9716-44-16

Equine herpesvirus type 1 infection induces procoagulant activity in equine monocytes.

Abstract: The alphaherpesvirus, equine herpesvirus type 1 (EHV-1), is a highly prevalent cause of equine infectious abortion and encephalomyelopathy. These syndromes have been attributed to ischemic necrosis from thrombosis in placental and neural vessels, although the mechanisms underlying thrombosis are unknown. After inhalation, EHV-1 establishes a peripheral blood mononuclear cell-associated viremia, with monocytes being a target of infection. Monocytes are also the main source of tissue factor (TF) in diseased states. Since TF is the primary activator of coagulation, increased monocyte TF expression could be involved in EHV-1-associated thrombosis. We hypothesized that EHV-1 infection would induce TF-dependent procoagulant activity in equine monocytes. Monocyte-enriched fractions of blood were infected with abortigenic (RacL11, NY03) and neuropathogenic (Ab4) EHV-1 strains. All strains induced procoagulant activity, to variable degrees, within 1 to 4 h, with maximal activity at 24 h, after infection. Virus-induced procoagulant activity was similar to that seen with lipopolysaccharide, a known stimulant of TF-mediated procoagulant responses. Virus-induced procoagulant activity was factor VIIa-dependent and temporally associated with TF gene transcription, implicating TF as the main driver of the activity. Procoagulant activity was mildly decreased (30-40%) when virus was inactivated by ultraviolet light or when infected cells were treated with aphidicolin, a virus DNA polymerase inhibitor, suggesting early events of virus infection (attachment, entry or intracellular trafficking) are the primary stimulus of procoagulant activity. Our results indicate that EHV-1 rapidly stimulates procoagulant activity in equine monocytes in vitro. The EHV-1-induced procoagulant activity in monocytes may contribute to clinical thrombosis in horses with EHV-1 infection.
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Publication Date: 2013-03-11 PubMed ID: 23497076PubMed Central: PMC3618259DOI: 10.1186/1297-9716-44-16Google Scholar: Lookup
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  • Journal Article
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  • Non-U.S. Gov't

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research explores how equine herpesvirus type 1 (EHV-1), a common cause of infectious abortion and encephalomyelopathy in horses, impacts the stimulation of procoagulant activities in equine monocytes. The study indicates that EHV-1 infection in horses may induce thrombosis, a dangerous condition that causes blood clots in the circulatory system, through the activation of tissue factor (TF) in monocytes.

Objective and Hypothesis

  • The study aimed to understand the mechanisms that lead to thrombosis (blood clots) in horses infected with the EHV-1 virus, which causes infectious abortion and encephalomyelopathy.
  • The scientists hypothesized that EHV-1 infection would stimulate TF-dependent procoagulant activities in horse monocytes, eventually leading to thrombosis.

Research Process

  • The researchers infected monocyte-enriched fractions of blood with abortigenic and neuropathogenic EHV-1 strains.
  • They examined procoagulant activities at various intervals post-infection, with the highest activity noted 24 hours after infection.
  • They compared these effects to those induced by lipopolysaccharide, a known stimulant of procoagulant responses.
  • They determined whether the procoagulant activity was factor VIIa-dependent and associated temporally with TF gene transcription, which could identify TF as a principal driver.

Results

  • All strains of EHV-1 induced varying degrees of procoagulant activity, with the peak activity observed 24 hours after infection.
  • The virus-induced procoagulant activity was similar to that caused by lipopolysaccharide.
  • The procoagulant activity was factor VIIa-dependent and associated with TF gene transcription, which confirmed the researchers’ hypothesis about TF being the main driver.
  • The procoagulant activity decreased slightly (30-40%) when the virus was inactivated by ultraviolet light or when infected cells were treated with aphidicolin, a virus DNA polymerase inhibitor. This suggested that early events in virus infection (such as attachment, entry, or intracellular trafficking) were the primary stimulus for procoagulant activity.

Implications

  • The study indicates that EHV-1 swiftly triggers procoagulant activity within horse monocytes in vitro.
  • The researchers concluded that the EHV-1-induced procoagulant activity within monocytes might contribute to clinical thrombosis in horses infected with the EHV-1 virus.

Cite This Article

APA
Yeo WM, Osterrieder N, Stokol T. (2013). Equine herpesvirus type 1 infection induces procoagulant activity in equine monocytes. Vet Res, 44(1), 16. https://doi.org/10.1186/1297-9716-44-16

Publication

Veterinary research
ISSN: 1297-9716
NlmUniqueID: 9309551
Country: England
Language: English
Volume: 44
Issue: 1
Pages: 16

Researcher Affiliations

Yeo, Wee Ming
  • Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA. ts23@cornell.edu.
Osterrieder, Nikolaus
    Stokol, Tracy

      MeSH Terms

      • Animals
      • Blood Coagulation Factors / genetics
      • Blood Coagulation Factors / metabolism
      • Female
      • Flow Cytometry / veterinary
      • Herpesviridae Infections / physiopathology
      • Herpesviridae Infections / veterinary
      • Herpesviridae Infections / virology
      • Herpesvirus 1, Equid / physiology
      • Horse Diseases / physiopathology
      • Horse Diseases / virology
      • Horses
      • Monocytes / metabolism
      • Monocytes / pathology
      • RNA, Messenger / genetics
      • RNA, Messenger / metabolism
      • Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction / veterinary

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      Citations

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