Equine herpesvirus type 1 infects dendritic cells in vitro: stimulation of T lymphocyte proliferation and cytotoxicity by infected dendritic cells.
Abstract: Equine herpesvirus type 1 (EHV-1) causes respiratory disease, abortion and myeloencephalopathy in horses. As with other herpesviruses, cell-mediated immunity is considered important for both recovery and protection. Although virus-specific T-cell proliferation and cytotoxicity can be detected following in vivo infection, little is known about the role of antigen presenting cells such as dendritic cells (DCs) in these processes. Peripheral blood DCs were shown to express the viral glycoprotein gB perinuclearly following exposure to EHV-1 in vitro, demonstrating EHV-1 replication within them. Co-culture of infected DCs or their supernatants with a susceptible cell line (RK13) demonstrated that EHV-1 infection was productive. In vitro-infected DCs showed cytopathic effects, including loss of viability and syncytial formation. However, they were superior to other antigen presenting cells in stimulating both peripheral blood T-cell proliferation and cytotoxicity. Although ponies which had been intranasally infected with EHV-1 exhibited T-cell proliferation to live virus presented on DCs, the responses began to decline as early as 15 weeks and cease at 22 weeks post-in vivo infection. Cytotoxic responses were not detected 35 weeks after the first intranasal infection but were seen again 7 weeks following a second infection. These findings show that equine DCs, which are infected with EHV-1 in vitro, can stimulate memory T-cell responses but appear unable to circumvent the short-lived memory response found following this infection in vivo.
Publication Date: 1999-02-09 PubMed ID: 9950351DOI: 10.1016/s0165-2427(98)00203-7Google Scholar: Lookup
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- Journal Article
- Research Support
- Non-U.S. Gov't
Summary
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Equine herpesvirus type 1 (EHV-1) appears to infect dendritic cells (cells that activate the immune system), leading to respiratory disease and other health problems in horses. This research study reveals that although these cells can boost the immune response, they do not prevent short-term immunity after the infection.
EHV-1 and its Impact on Horses
- The research focuses on the Equine herpesvirus type 1 (EHV-1), which causes respiratory diseases, abortion, and myeloencephalopathy (a neurological disorder) in horses.
- Like other herpesviruses, cell-mediated immunity, a type of immune response, is vital for recovery and protection.
- There is not enough information on the role of antigen-presenting cells like dendritic cells (DCs) in relation to the immunity response to this virus.
Infection Process and Effect on Dendritic Cells
- The peripheral blood DCs, which are responsible for triggering the immune response, were exposed to EHV-1. The result displayed the expression of viral glycoprotein gB in the cells, indicating virus replication within them.
- A susceptible cell line (RK13) was exposed to infected DCs or their supernatants, confirming that the EHV-1 infection process was productive, meaning the virus was able to reproduce successfully.
- However, DCs showed signs of damage as infected DCs lost their viability and started forming multinucleated cells (syncytial formation).
Stimulation of Immune Response
- Despite the negative effects, the DCs were found to be much more effective at boosting peripheral blood T-cell proliferation (increase in the number of T-cells, a type of immune cell) and cytotoxicity (the ability to kill infected cells).
- Intranasal infection with EHV-1 led to a T-cell proliferation response in ponies, but it began to decline 15 weeks post-infection and ceased at 22 weeks.
- No cytotoxic responses were detected 35 weeks after the initial infection, but they emerged 7 weeks after a second infection.
Significance of Findings
- This study is essential as it shows how equine DCs can stimulate the immune response when infected with EHV-1, even though they don’t prevent short-lasting immunity after the infection.
- These findings broaden our understanding of EHV-1 and its interaction with the immune system. Further research may possibly lead to improved vaccine development and treatment for EHV-1.
Cite This Article
APA
Siedek EM, Whelan M, Edington N, Hamblin A.
(1999).
Equine herpesvirus type 1 infects dendritic cells in vitro: stimulation of T lymphocyte proliferation and cytotoxicity by infected dendritic cells.
Vet Immunol Immunopathol, 67(1), 17-32.
https://doi.org/10.1016/s0165-2427(98)00203-7 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Department of Pathology and Infectious Diseases, The Royal Veterinary College, London, UK.
MeSH Terms
- Animals
- Cells, Cultured
- Dendritic Cells / virology
- Herpesviridae Infections / veterinary
- Herpesvirus 1, Equid / pathogenicity
- Horse Diseases / immunology
- Horse Diseases / virology
- Horses
- Lymphocyte Activation / immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic / immunology
Grant Funding
- Wellcome Trust
Citations
This article has been cited 1 times.- Laval K, Poelaert KCK, Van Cleemput J, Zhao J, Vandekerckhove AP, Gryspeerdt AC, Garré B, van der Meulen K, Baghi HB, Dubale HN, Zarak I, Van Crombrugge E, Nauwynck HJ. The Pathogenesis and Immune Evasive Mechanisms of Equine Herpesvirus Type 1. Front Microbiol 2021;12:662686.
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