Equine infectious anemia virus in naturally infected horses from the Brazilian Pantanal.
Abstract: Equine infectious anemia (EIA) has a worldwide distribution, and is widespread in Brazil. The Brazilian Pantanal presents with high prevalence comprising equine performance and indirectly the livestock industry, since the horses are used for cattle management. Although EIA is routinely diagnosed by the agar gel immunodiffusion test (AGID), this serological assay has some limitations, so PCR-based detection methods have the potential to overcome these limitations and act as complementary tests to those currently used. Considering the limited number of equine infectious anemia virus (EIAV) sequences which are available in public databases and the great genome variability, studies of EIAV detection and characterization molecular remain important. In this study we detected EIAV proviral DNA from 23 peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMCs) samples of naturally infected horses from Brazilian Pantanal using a semi-nested-PCR (sn-PCR). The serological profile of the animals was also evaluated by AGID and ELISA for gp90 and p26. Furthermore, the EIAV PCR amplified DNA was sequenced and phylogenetically analyzed. Here we describe the first EIAV sequences of the 5' LTR of the tat gene in naturally infected horses from Brazil, which presented with 91% similarity to EIAV reference sequences. The Brazilian EIAV sequences also presented variable nucleotide similarities among themselves, ranging from 93,5% to 100%. Phylogenetic analysis showed that Brazilian EIAV sequences grouped in a separate clade relative to other reference sequences. Thus this molecular detection and characterization may provide information about EIAV circulation in Brazilian territories and improve phylogenetic inferences.
Publication Date: 2018-05-11 PubMed ID: 29752558DOI: 10.1007/s00705-018-3877-8Google Scholar: Lookup
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- Journal Article
Summary
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The research article is about a study focused on the detection and characterization of Equine infectious anemia virus in horses in the Brazilian Pantanal, using semi-nested-PCR.
Introduction and Background
- This article discusses a study on Equine infectious anemia (EIA) which is prevalent in Brazil, specifically in the Brazilian Pantanal region, and impacts the performance of horses used in the cattle industry.
- Diagnosis of EIA is typically carried out using the agar gel immunodiffusion test (AGID). However, this approach has several limitations, leading to the proposal of PCR-based detection methods as potentially valuable alternatives or complementary tests.
- This study is particularly significant due to the fact that limited data exists concerning the sequences of equine infectious anemia virus (EIAV) in public databases along with a high degree of genome variability.
Research Methodology
- The study involved the detection of EIAV proviral DNA from peripheral blood mononuclear cell samples taken from naturally infected horses in the Brazilian Pantanal region, using semi-nested-PCR (sn-PCR).
- The serological profile of these animals was analyzed through AGID and ELISA tests for gp90 and p26.
- EIAV PCR amplified DNA was then sequenced and subjected to phylogenetic analysis.
Key Findings
- The study revealed the first EIAV sequences of the 5′ LTR of the tat gene in naturally infected horses from Brazil.
- A similarity of 91% was identified between these sequences and EIAV reference sequences. The Brazilian EIAV sequences also varied significantly in their degree of similarity to one another, with a range from 93.5% to 100%.
- Phylogenetic analysis also indicated that Brazilian EIAV sequences grouped in a distinct clade relative to other reference sequences.
Conclusion and Potential Implications
- The molecular detection and characterization carried out in this study can contribute valuable information about the circulation of EIAV in Brazilian territories.
- This can enhance phylogenetic inferences, leading to improved understanding and management of EIA, a disease of significant impact on the equine and livestock industries of the region.
Cite This Article
APA
Cursino AE, Vilela APP, Franco-Luiz APM, de Oliveira JG, Nogueira MF, Júnior JPA, de Aguiar DM, Kroon EG.
(2018).
Equine infectious anemia virus in naturally infected horses from the Brazilian Pantanal.
Arch Virol, 163(9), 2385-2394.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00705-018-3877-8 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Laboratório de Vírus, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
- Laboratório de Vírus, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Microbiologia e Sorologia, Hospital Universitário, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil.
- Laboratório de Vírus, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
- Viriontech do Brasil Indústria de Insumos e Serviços em Biotecnologia, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
- Instituto Rene Rachou, Fiocruz-Minas, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
- Embrapa Pantanal, Corumbá, MS, Brazil.
- Departamento de Microbiologia e Imunologia, Instituto de Biociências e Instituto de Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual Paulista, UNESP, Botucatu, SP, Brazil.
- Laboratório de Virologia e Rickettsioses, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, MT, Brazil.
- Laboratório de Vírus, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil. ernagkroon@gmail.com.
MeSH Terms
- Animals
- Brazil
- DNA, Viral / genetics
- Equine Infectious Anemia / immunology
- Equine Infectious Anemia / virology
- Horses
- Infectious Anemia Virus, Equine / classification
- Infectious Anemia Virus, Equine / genetics
- Infectious Anemia Virus, Equine / isolation & purification
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear / virology
- Phylogeny
- Polymerase Chain Reaction
Grant Funding
- 02.12.01.030.00.00 / Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuu00e1ria
- 307423/2015-8 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientu00edfico e Tecnolu00f3gico (BR)
- 330980/2012 / Fundau00e7u00e3o de Amparo u00e0 Pesquisau00a0do Estado deu00a0Mato Grosso
Citations
This article has been cited 11 times.- Dos Santos Conceição M, Chahad-Ehlers S, Dos Santos-Neto LG, Sant'Ana AL, Ribeiro GPM, do Rocio Klisiowicz D, Silva-Inacio CL, de Moura Barbosa T, Gama RA, Lozovei AL, de Andrade AJ. Culicidae (Diptera: Culicomorpha) in the southern Brazilian 'Ana Leuch Lozovei' collection, with notes on distribution and diversity. GigaByte 2022;2022:gigabyte55.
- Wang Y, Ma G, Wang XF, Na L, Guo X, Zhang J, Liu C, Du C, Qi T, Lin Y, Wang X. Keap1 recognizes EIAV early accessory protein Rev to promote antiviral defense. PLoS Pathog 2022 Feb;18(2):e1009986.
- Knox A, Beddoe T. Isothermal Nucleic Acid Amplification Technologies for the Detection of Equine Viral Pathogens. Animals (Basel) 2021 Jul 20;11(7).
- Lupulovic D, Savić S, Gaudaire D, Berthet N, Grgić Ž, Matović K, Deshiere A, Hans A. Identification and genetic characterization of equine infectious anemia virus in Western Balkans. BMC Vet Res 2021 Apr 15;17(1):168.
- Romo-Sáenz CI, Tamez-Guerra P, Olivas-Holguin A, Ramos-Zayas Y, Obregón-Macías N, González-Ochoa G, Zavala-Díaz de la Serna FJ, Rodríguez-Padilla C, Tamez-Guerra R, Gomez-Flores R. Molecular detection of equine infectious anemia virus in clinically normal, seronegative horses in an endemic area of Mexico. J Vet Diagn Invest 2021 Jul;33(4):758-761.
- Malossi CD, Fioratti EG, Cardoso JF, Magro AJ, Kroon EG, Aguiar DM, Borges AMCM, Nogueira MF, Ullmann LS, Araujo JP Jr. High Genomic Variability in Equine Infectious Anemia Virus Obtained from Naturally Infected Horses in Pantanal, Brazil: An Endemic Region Case. Viruses 2020 Feb 12;12(2).
- Liang H, Zhou B, Hu Z, Chu X, Wang X, Du C, Wang X. Development of a Broad-Spectrum Antigen-Capture ELISA Using Combined Anti-p26 Polyclonal and Monoclonal Antibodies for Detection of Equine Infectious Anemia Virus. Microorganisms 2025 Jun 27;13(7).
- Firdausy LW, Fikri F, Wicaksono AP, Çalışkan H, Purnama MTE. Global prevalence and risk factors of equine infectious anemia: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Vet World 2025 Jun;18(6):1440-1451.
- Ostuni A, Frontoso R, Crudele MA, Barca L, Amati M, Boni R, De Vendel J, Raimondi P, Bavoso A. Comparative Evaluation of a Multistrain Indirect ELISA Targeting Anti- p26 and gp45 Antibodies for EIAV Detection. Pathogens 2025 Jun 8;14(6).
- Guo X, Liu C, Wang Y, Li H, Ma S, Na L, Ren H, Lin Y, Wang X. Env from EIAV vaccine delicately regulates NLRP3 activation via attenuating NLRP3-NEK7 interaction. PLoS Pathog 2025 Jun;21(6):e1012772.
- Zanella G, Beck C, Valle-Casuso JC, Anthony M, Cruz M, Vélez A, Vinueza RL, Gonzalez G. Undetection of vector-borne viruses in equids of Galapagos Islands. Front Vet Sci 2024;11:1411624.
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