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Equine nasal and paranasal sinus tumours: part 2: a contribution of 28 case reports.
Abstract: The clinical and pathological findings of 28 cases (27 horses, 1 donkey) of equid sinonasal tumours examined at the Edinburgh Veterinary School are presented and include: seven cases of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC); five adenocarcinomas; three undifferentiated carcinomas; two adenomas; five fibro-osseous and bone tumours; and single cases of ameloblastoma, fibroma, fibrosarcoma, undifferentiated sarcoma, melanoma and lymphosarcoma. The median ages of animals affected with epithelial, and fibro-osseous/bone tumours were 14 and 4 years, respectively. Unilateral purulent or mucopurulent nasal discharge (81% of cases) and gross facial swellings (82% of cases) were the most common presenting signs with sinonasal tumours, with epistaxis recorded in just 23% of cases. Radiology and endoscopy were the most useful ancillary diagnostic techniques. The maxillary area was the most common site of tumour origin, and only three cases were definitively identified as originating in the nasal cavity. Four of the maxillary SCC lesions originated within the nasal cavities or maxillary sinuses, while two originated in the oral cavity. Fourteen of 15 carcinomas, but only two of the 13 remaining tumours, spread to other sites in the head. Only three cases of sinonasal tumour had lymph node metastases, and none had distant metastases. In the long term, surgical treatment with seven malignant tumours was unsuccessful (6 months median survival post-operatively), but was successful with four out of five benign tumours (no regrowth at a median of 4 years post-operatively).
Publication Date: 1999-05-18 PubMed ID: 10328839DOI: 10.1053/tvjl.1999.0371Google Scholar: Lookup The Equine Research Bank provides access to a large database of publicly available scientific literature. Inclusion in the Research Bank does not imply endorsement of study methods or findings by Mad Barn.
- Journal Article
Summary
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The research article discusses a study done at the Edinburgh Veterinary School, offering clinical and pathological findings from 28 cases of sinonasal tumours in 27 horses and one donkey, and reviewing common signs, diagnostic techniques, sites of origin, and treatment outcomes in equids.
Findings on Different Types of Tumours
- The study examined several types of sinonasal tumours in equids including squamous cell carcinoma, adenocarcinomas, undifferentiated carcinomas, adenomas, fibro-osseous, bone tumours, ameloblastoma, fibroma, fibrosarcoma, undifferentiated sarcoma, melanoma and lymphosarcoma.
- They found that squamous cell carcinoma was the most common type of tumour in this sample.
- The median ages of animals with epithelial tumours and fibro-osseous/bone tumours were 14 and 4 years respectively, indicating a possible relationship between age and the type of tumour developed.
Common Presenting Signs and Diagnostic Techniques
- Unilateral purulent or mucopurulent nasal discharge was observed in 81% of these equid cases while gross facial swellings were recorded in 82% of cases. So, equid handlers may look for these signs as indications of potential sinonasal tumours.
- Epistaxis (nosebleeds) was observed less frequently, in just 23% of cases.
- Radiology and endoscopy were identified to be the most useful techniques for diagnosis in these cases, helping the vets in locating and identifying the sinonasal tumours.
Tumour Origin and Metastases
- Most of the sinonasal tumours originated in the maxillary area (upper jaw or cheek) than in the nasal cavity.
- Spread to other sites within the head was noticed in 14 out of the 15 carcinoma cases, but the spread was significantly lesser (only 2 out of 13) in the remaining tumours.
- Only three sinonasal tumours had lymph node metastases, and no cases observed any distant metastases, indicating that these tumours often remain localized to the area of origin.
Treatment Outcomes
- Regarding the treatment, surgical intervention did not have a high success rate with malignant tumours, with a median survival duration of only six months post-surgery.
- However, in benign cases, surgery was successful in four out of five cases, with no cases of regrowth recorded for a median of four years post-operatively.
Cite This Article
APA
Dixon PM, Head KW.
(1999).
Equine nasal and paranasal sinus tumours: part 2: a contribution of 28 case reports.
Vet J, 157(3), 279-294.
https://doi.org/10.1053/tvjl.1999.0371 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Studies, Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, Easter Bush Veterinary Centre, Roslin, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, UK.
MeSH Terms
- Adenocarcinoma / diagnosis
- Adenocarcinoma / therapy
- Adenocarcinoma / veterinary
- Adenoma / diagnosis
- Adenoma / therapy
- Adenoma / veterinary
- Animals
- Bone Neoplasms / diagnosis
- Bone Neoplasms / therapy
- Bone Neoplasms / veterinary
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / diagnosis
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / therapy
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / veterinary
- Female
- Follow-Up Studies
- Horse Diseases / diagnosis
- Horse Diseases / physiopathology
- Horse Diseases / therapy
- Horses
- Male
- Nose Neoplasms / diagnosis
- Nose Neoplasms / therapy
- Nose Neoplasms / veterinary
- Paranasal Sinus Neoplasms / diagnosis
- Paranasal Sinus Neoplasms / therapy
- Paranasal Sinus Neoplasms / veterinary
- Retrospective Studies
Citations
This article has been cited 15 times.- Sidwell A, Shanklin A, Miller H, Cahoon M, Hole SL, Bianco C, Pereira R. Full Clinical Pathological and Bacteriological Investigation of a Giant Nasal Polyp Associated With the Developing Apex of the Permanent Fourth Premolar (Triadan 108) in a 3-year-old Connemara Filly: A Case Report. Vet Med Sci 2026 Jan;12(1):e70756.
- Borowska M, Lipowicz P, Daunoravičienė K, Turek B, Jasiński T, Pauk J, Domino M. Three-Dimensional Segmentation of Equine Paranasal Sinuses in Multidetector Computed Tomography Datasets: Preliminary Morphometric Assessment Assisted with Clustering Analysis. Sensors (Basel) 2024 May 30;24(11).
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- Vlaminck L, Pollaris E, Vanderperren K, Tremaine WH, Raes E. Diagnosis and Surgical Treatment of Idiopathic Primary Sino-Nasal Obstruction in Miniature Horse Breeds: Long-Term Follow-Up of Seven Cases. Front Vet Sci 2021;8:680150.
- Strohmayer C, Klang A, Kneissl S. Computed Tomographic and Histopathological Characteristics of 13 Equine and 10 Feline Oral and Sinonasal Squamous Cell Carcinomas. Front Vet Sci 2020;7:591437.
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- Sano Y, Okamoto M, Ootsuka Y, Matsuda K, Yusa S, Taniyama H. Blindness associated with nasal/paranasal lymphoma in a stallion. J Vet Med Sci 2017 Mar 23;79(3):579-583.
- van der Weyden L, Patton EE, Wood GA, Foote AK, Brenn T, Arends MJ, Adams DJ. Cross-species models of human melanoma. J Pathol 2016 Jan;238(2):152-65.
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