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Veterinary journal (London, England : 1997)2017; 225; 3-8; doi: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2017.04.014

Equine papillomavirus type 2: An equine equivalent to human papillomavirus 16?

Abstract: In horses, squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) commonly affect the external genitals. There is growing evidence that equine papillomavirus type 2 (EcPV2) infection promotes disease development. To assess the possible association of EcPV2 with equine SCCs of the head (HSCC), 15 HSCC DNA samples were screened by E6/E7, E2, and LCR PCR and amplicons were analysed for sequence variations. The physical form of EcPV2 in HSCC, genital lesions, and smegma from horses with SCC was then addressed using EcPV2 immunocapture PCR (IC/PCR) for detection of virion, and E6 vs. E2 qPCR to investigate possible integration events. Four of 15 HSCC tested positive for EcPV2 DNA and harboured known or novel genetic variants of E6, E7, E2 and the LCR. Eighteen of 35 sample extracts including 3/4 smegma samples scored positive by IC/PCR, suggesting that about 51% of tested extracts harboured virions. E6/E2 qPCR from tumour DNA revealed E2/E6 copies/cell ranging between <1 (E2; E6) and 797 (E2) or 1434 (E6). IC/PCR-positive smegma samples contained higher E2 and E6 copy numbers, ranging between 1490 and 4.95×10 (E2) or 2227 and 8.54×10 (E6) copies/cell. Together with IC/PCR results, this finding suggests that smegma can serve as a rich EcPV2 reservoir. HSCCs harboured significantly lower viral DNA amounts (0.05), this finding suggests that EcPV2 can integrate into the equine host cell genome.
Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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Publication Date: 2017-05-03 PubMed ID: 28720295DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2017.04.014Google Scholar: Lookup
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  • Journal Article

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The article investigates the relationship between equine papillomavirus type 2 (EcPV2) infection and the development of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) in horses, focusing on SCCs of the head. The study used various tests and analyses on a range of sample types, and the results point toward the potential for the integration of EcPV2 into the horse’s cellular structure.

Introduction and Methodology

  • The researchers studied the connection between EcPV2 and SCC in horses, particularly focusing on SCC in the horse’s head (HSCC).
  • They tested 15 HSCC DNA samples, scrutinizing them for EcPV2 indicators using several methods, including E6/E7, E2, and Long Control Region (LCR) PCR, a technique used to amplify particular DNA sequences.
  • The physical presence of EcPV2 in HSCC, genital lesions, and smegma in horses with SCC was further investigated using EcPV2 immunocapture PCR (IC/PCR) and E6 versus E2 quantitative PCR (qPCR) to evaluate potential viral integration into horse cells.

Results and Discussion

  • The analysis found that four out of the 15 tested HSCC contained EcPV2 DNA and housed identified or new genetic variants of E6, E7, E2, and LCR.
  • Further examination showed that around 51% of the tested extracts appeared to harbour EcPV2 virions, indicating the presence of the virus.
  • E6/E2 qPCR analyses of tumor DNA exposed varying counts of E2/E6 per cell, with quantities fluctuating vastly.
  • They also discovered that the smegma samples that tested positive contained higher copy numbers of E2 and E6, leading them to believe that smegma could serve as a significant reservoir of EcPV2.
  • However, viral DNA amounts were considerably lower in HSCCs compared to most genital tumor and smegma DNA specimens.
  • In most samples, more E6 DNA than E2 was found, suggesting that integration of the virus into the host cell genome may occur, though this wasn’t statistically significant and needs further investigation.

Research Implications

  • This study contributes to the growing body of evidence that EcPV2 infection may promote the occurrence of SCC in horses.
  • The findings set the stage for continued research into the mechanism of EcPV2 integration into host cells and its broader implications for SCC development.
  • The identification of smegma as a possible EcPV2 reservoir, if confirmed, could have implications for disease prevention and control strategies.

Cite This Article

APA
Sykora S, Jindra C, Hofer M, Steinborn R, Brandt S. (2017). Equine papillomavirus type 2: An equine equivalent to human papillomavirus 16? Vet J, 225, 3-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tvjl.2017.04.014

Publication

Veterinary journal (London, England : 1997)
ISSN: 1532-2971
NlmUniqueID: 9706281
Country: England
Language: English
Volume: 225
Pages: 3-8
PII: S1090-0233(17)30092-8

Researcher Affiliations

Sykora, S
  • Research Group Oncology, Equine Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinaerplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria.
Jindra, C
  • Research Group Oncology, Equine Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinaerplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria.
Hofer, M
  • Genomics Core Facility, VetCore, University of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinaerplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria.
Steinborn, R
  • Genomics Core Facility, VetCore, University of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinaerplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria.
Brandt, S
  • Research Group Oncology, Equine Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinaerplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria. Electronic address: sabine.brandt@vetmeduni.ac.at.

MeSH Terms

  • Animals
  • Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / veterinary
  • Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / virology
  • DNA, Viral / analysis
  • Disease Reservoirs / veterinary
  • Female
  • Head and Neck Neoplasms / veterinary
  • Head and Neck Neoplasms / virology
  • Horse Diseases / virology
  • Horses
  • Human papillomavirus 16 / genetics
  • Humans
  • Male
  • Papillomaviridae / genetics
  • Papillomavirus Infections / veterinary
  • Polymerase Chain Reaction / veterinary
  • Smegma / virology

Citations

This article has been cited 14 times.
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