Equine paranasal sinus disease: a long-term study of 200 cases (1997-2009): ancillary diagnostic findings and involvement of the various sinus compartments.
Abstract: There is a lack of objective information on the value of ancillary diagnostic techniques used to investigate equine sinus disease, and also on which sinus compartments are commonly affected in this disorder. Objective: To record the ancillary diagnostic findings used to investigate equine sinus disease and to document which compartments are affected. Methods: The clinical case records of 200 consecutive cases of sinus disease, including subacute (2 months' duration) primary (n = 37); dental (n = 40); traumatic (n = 13); sinus cyst (n = 26); sinus neoplasia (n = 10); dental related oromaxillary fistula (n = 8); mycotic sinusitis (n = 7) and intra-sinus progressive ethmoid haematoma (n = 7) were retrospectively examined. Results: Nasal endoscopy showed exudate draining from the sino-nasal ostia in 88% of cases and a sino-nasal fistula was present in 15% of cases. Sinoscopy was performed in 79% of cases and was of great diagnostic value. More recently, 22% of cases had fenestration of the ventral conchal bulla performed to allow sinoscopy of the rostral sinus compartments. Radiography was performed in 97% of cases and showed intra-sinus fluid lines to be common (69% prevalence) in subacute primary sinusitis. Radiographic dental apical changes were not specific to dental sinusitis, e.g. 29% of chronic primary sinusitis cases had radiographic dental changes. Scintigraphy was performed in 20% of cases and was helpful in identifying dental apical changes when radiography was inconclusive. Overall, the caudal maxillary (78% involvement) and rostral maxillary (61%) sinuses were most commonly affected, with the ventral conchal sinus (VCS) (54% involvement) and conchofrontal sinuses (48%) less so. The VCS showed the greatest tendency to contain inspissated pus (present in 46% of all affected VCS). Conclusions: Nasal endoscopy, sinoscopy and skull radiography are of great value in diagnosing the presence and causes of equine sinus disease.
© 2011 EVJ Ltd.
Publication Date: 2011-08-04 PubMed ID: 21812807DOI: 10.1111/j.2042-3306.2011.00420.xGoogle Scholar: Lookup
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- Journal Article
- Research Support
- Non-U.S. Gov't
- Case Reports
- Clinical Examination
- Clinical Findings
- Clinical Pathology
- Clinical Study
- Clinical Symptoms
- Diagnosis
- Diagnostic Technique
- Disease Diagnosis
- Disease Etiology
- Endoscopy
- Equine Diseases
- Equine Health
- Horses
- Radiology
- Retrospective Study
- Sinusitis
- Veterinary Medicine
- Veterinary Practice
- Veterinary Procedure
- Veterinary Research
Summary
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The research examined the effectiveness of ancillary diagnostic techniques in assessing horse sinus disease and identified the commonly impacted sinus compartments. The study involved a retrospective review of 200 sinus disease cases and found that nasal endoscopy, sinoscopy, and skull radiography are essential tools for diagnosing causes of equine sinus disease.
Methods
- The study was based on the review of clinical case records of 200 consecutive cases of sinus disease.
- The cases ranged from subacute and chronic primary sinusitis, dental, traumatic, sinus cyst, mycotic sinusitis, ethmoid haematoma to sinus neoplasia.
- Various diagnostic methods such as nasal endoscopy, sinoscopy, fenestration of the ventral conchal bulla, radiography, and scintigraphy were utilized to assess the condition.
Findings
- Nasal endoscopy showed exudate draining from the sino-nasal ostia in 88% of the cases and identified a sino-nasal fistula in 15% of the cases.
- Sinoscopy was performed in 79% of the cases and was found to be highly useful in diagnosis.
- Radiography was executed in 97% of cases and indicated that intra-sinus fluid lines are prominent in subacute primary sinusitis.
- However, radiographic dental apical changes were not distinct to dental sinusitis.
- Scintigraphy was done in 20% of cases and was useful in identifying dental apical changes where radiography was inconclusive.
- Most commonly affected sinus compartments were the caudal maxillary and rostral maxillary sinuses, with the ventral conchal sinus (VCS) and conchofrontal sinuses being less affected.
- The VCS exhibited the highest tendency to contain inspissated pus.
Conclusions
- Diagnostic techniques such as nasal endoscopy, sinoscopy, and skull radiography have proven valuable in determining both the presence and causes of equine sinus disease.
Cite This Article
APA
Dixon PM, Parkin TD, Collins N, Hawkes C, Townsend N, Tremaine WH, Fisher G, Ealey R, Barakzai SZ.
(2011).
Equine paranasal sinus disease: a long-term study of 200 cases (1997-2009): ancillary diagnostic findings and involvement of the various sinus compartments.
Equine Vet J, 44(3), 267-271.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2042-3306.2011.00420.x Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Division of Veterinary Clinical Studies, Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, The University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush Veterinary Centre, Midlothian, Scotland. P.M.Dixon@ed.ac.uk
MeSH Terms
- Animals
- Bacterial Infections / diagnosis
- Bacterial Infections / microbiology
- Bacterial Infections / pathology
- Bacterial Infections / veterinary
- Endoscopy / veterinary
- Horse Diseases / diagnosis
- Horse Diseases / microbiology
- Horse Diseases / pathology
- Horses
- Paranasal Sinus Diseases / diagnosis
- Paranasal Sinus Diseases / microbiology
- Paranasal Sinus Diseases / pathology
- Paranasal Sinus Diseases / veterinary
- Radiography / veterinary
- Radionuclide Imaging / veterinary
- Retrospective Studies
- Tooth Diseases / complications
- Tooth Diseases / diagnosis
- Tooth Diseases / veterinary
Citations
This article has been cited 7 times.- Pezzanite LM, Hackett ES, McCready E, Easley JT. Outcomes following single, caudally based bilateral versus unilateral frontonasal sinusotomy for treatment of equine paranasal sinus disease.. Vet Med Sci 2021 Nov;7(6):2209-2218.
- Vlaminck L, Pollaris E, Vanderperren K, Tremaine WH, Raes E. Diagnosis and Surgical Treatment of Idiopathic Primary Sino-Nasal Obstruction in Miniature Horse Breeds: Long-Term Follow-Up of Seven Cases.. Front Vet Sci 2021;8:680150.
- Köhler L, Schulz-Kornas E, Vervuert I, Gittel C, Winter K, Berner D, Gerlach K. Volumetric measurements of paranasal sinuses and examination of sinonasal communication in healthy Shetland ponies: anatomical and morphometric characteristics using computed tomography.. BMC Vet Res 2021 Jan 21;17(1):41.
- Dixon PM, Barnett TP, Morgan RE, Reardon RJM. Computed Tomographic Assessment of Individual Paranasal Sinus Compartment and Nasal Conchal Bulla Involvement in 300 Cases of Equine Sinonasal Disease.. Front Vet Sci 2020;7:580356.
- Dixon PM, Puidupin C, Borkent D, Liuti T, Reardon RJM. A Computed Tomographic Assessment of Osteitis of Sinus Bony Structures in Horses With Sinonasal Disorders.. Front Vet Sci 2020;7:627.
- Schwieder A, Pfarrer C, Ohnesorge B, Staszyk C, Bienert-Zeit A. Comparative studies on the histological characteristics of equine nasomaxillary aperture and paranasal sinus mucosa considering topographic and age-related differences.. Acta Vet Scand 2020 Jun 23;62(1):34.
- Robert MP, Stemmet GP, Smit Y. A bilateral sinus cyst treated via a bilateral frontonasal bone flap in a standing horse.. J S Afr Vet Assoc 2019 Mar 28;90(0):e1-e6.
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