Equine picornaviruses: well known but poorly understood.

The research article provides a review of the current knowledge about equine picornaviruses – specifically equine rhinitis A virus (ERAV) and equine rhinitis B virus (ERBV) – their global prevalence, the lack of detection, and their contribution to respiratory diseases in horses.

Overview of Equine Picornaviruses

• This research reviews two species of the Picornaviridae family known to infect horses – equine rhinitis A virus (ERAV) and equine rhinitis B virus (ERBV).
• Each of these species belongs to a unique phylogenetic branch. The ERAV, which has a single serotype, is grouped with aphthoviruses like the foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV).
• The ERBV, on the other hand, has three serotypes and is the only member of the Erbovirus genus.

Prevalence and Detection of Equine Picornaviruses

• The research points out the contradiction between the high seroprevalence of equine picornaviruses in horse populations globally and the relatively minimal reports of their detection.
• This discrepancy suggests a poorer understanding of these viruses’ role in causing diseases.

Distribution and Pathogenesis of Equine Picornaviruses

• This review also delves into the distribution and possible pathogenesis of ERAV and ERBV, offering insights on how they may cause respiratory diseases.
• However, it also implies that more research is needed to fully understand these viruses and their impact on horse health.

Advances in Diagnostic Methods

• Finally, the paper discusses recent advancements in diagnostic methods that could help provide a better understanding of equine picornaviruses.
• These new methods could potentially highlight the role of these viruses in equine respiratory diseases, paving the way for targeted treatment strategies.