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Home / Equine Research Bank / Animals (Basel) / Equine Social Behaviour: Love, War and Tolerance.
Animals : an open access journal from MDPI2023; 13(9); 1473; doi: 10.3390/ani13091473

Equine Social Behaviour: Love, War and Tolerance.

Abstract: Sociality is an ethological need of horses that remained unchanged by domestication. Accordingly, it is essential to include horses' social behavioural requirements and the opportunity to establish stable affiliative bonds in equine management systems and welfare assessment. Thus, this systematic review aims to provide an up-to-date analysis of equine intraspecific social ethograms. A literature review yielded 27 papers that met the inclusion criteria by studying adult (≥2 years) equine social behaviour with conspecifics using a well-defined ethogram. Social interactions were observed in 851 horses: 320 (semi-)feral free-ranging, 62 enclosed (semi-)feral and 469 domesticated, living in groups averaging 9.1 (mean +/- 6.8 s.d., range: 2-33) horses. The ethograms detailed in these 27 studies included a total of 40 (mean: 12.8/paper, range: 2-23) social behaviours, of which 60% (24/40) were agonistic, 30% (12/40) affiliative, 7.5% (3/40) investigative and 2.5% (1/40) neutral. The 27 publications included 67.7% agonistic and only 26% affiliative, 5.1% investigative and 1.2% neutral social behaviours in their methodology, thus focusing predominantly on socio-negative interactions. The strong emphasis on agonistic behaviours in equine ethology starkly contrasts with the rare occurrence of agonistic behaviours in stable horse groups and the well-established importance of affiliative interactions for equine welfare. The nuanced and complex equine social behaviour requires refinement of the ethogram with a greater focus on affiliative, ambivalent and indifferent interactions and the role of social tolerance in equine social networks to advance equine welfare assessment.
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Publication Date: 2023-04-26 PubMed ID: 37174510PubMed Central: PMC10177386DOI: 10.3390/ani13091473Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research study focuses on examining and providing updated analysis of the social behavior of horses. It concludes that much of the existing research has focused on aggression, while ignoring positive, complex affiliative behaviors – interactions that are equally important for equine welfare.

Study selection process and scope

  • The researchers conducted a literature review, selecting 27 studies that met their specific criteria. These studies needed to focus on social behavior among adult horses (aged two years or more) using a defined ethogram – a catalog of all the different kinds of behavior an animal can exhibit.
  • The review incorporated studies covering a total of 851 horses which fell into three categories: 320 free-ranging (semi)-feral horses, 62 enclosed (semi)-feral horses and 469 domesticated horses. The groups the horses lived in averaged about 9.1 horses in size.

Types of social behaviors analyzed

  • The selected studies detailed 40 different social behaviors in their ethograms. These behaviours can be categorized into four categories: agonistic or competitive (24 of the total), affiliative or friendly (12), investigative (3), and neutral (1).
  • Despite the range of behaviours identified, the analysis of the research papers showed that they focused predominantly on agonistic behaviours – making up 67.7% of the methodologies – despite these being less common in stable horse groups.
  • A far smaller proportion of the research methodologies – around 26% – focused on affiliative behaviours, with investigative and neutral behaviours making up the remaining 6.3%.

Data trumps stereotype

  • The researchers argue that the emphasis on agonistic behaviors in the existing literature starkly contrasts the actual social behavior of horses in stable groups. Agonistic interactions are far less prevalent than sociable and positive interactions.
  • Aggression and conflict may be the typical stereotype, but the paper argues that a more complex and nuanced range of behaviors including affiliative and indifferent interactions as well as social tolerance, play a significant role in equine social dynamics. These behaviours have been overlooked under the previous research scope.

Implications for equine welfare

  • The researchers propose that a more accurate, balanced and comprehensive ethogram is needed to enhance equine welfare assessments, including the important role such affiliative and ambivalent behaviors play.
  • They imply that understanding the full range of social behaviors is key to ensuring good welfare practices, as it allows handlers to better understand horses’ needs within their social environments, providing for more genuine social interactions and bonds.

Cite This Article

APA
Torres Borda L, Auer U, Jenner F. (2023). Equine Social Behaviour: Love, War and Tolerance. Animals (Basel), 13(9), 1473. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani13091473

Publication

Animals : an open access journal from MDPI
ISSN: 2076-2615
NlmUniqueID: 101635614
Country: Switzerland
Language: English
Volume: 13
Issue: 9
PII: 1473

Researcher Affiliations

Torres Borda, Laura
  • Equine Surgery Unit, University Equine Hospital, Department of Companion Animals and Horses, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinaerplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria.
Auer, Ulrike
  • Anaesthesiology and Perioperative Intensive Care Medicine Unit, Department of Companion Animals and Horses, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinaerplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria.
Jenner, Florien
  • Equine Surgery Unit, University Equine Hospital, Department of Companion Animals and Horses, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinaerplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria.

Conflict of Interest Statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

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