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Journal of virology2013; 88(2); 1259-1270; doi: 10.1128/JVI.03148-13

Equine tetherin blocks retrovirus release and its activity is antagonized by equine infectious anemia virus envelope protein.

Abstract: Human tetherin is a host restriction factor that inhibits replication of enveloped viruses by blocking viral release. Tetherin has an unusual topology that includes an N-terminal cytoplasmic tail, a single transmembrane domain, an extracellular domain, and a C-terminal glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchor. Tetherin is not well conserved across species, so it inhibits viral replication in a species-specific manner. Thus, studies of tetherin activities from different species provide an important tool for understanding its antiviral mechanism. Here, we report cloning of equine tetherin and characterization of its antiviral activity. Equine tetherin shares 53%, 40%, 36%, and 34% amino acid sequence identity with feline, human, simian, and murine tetherins, respectively. Like the feline tetherin, equine tetherin has a shorter N-terminal domain than human tetherin. Equine tetherin is localized on the cell surface and strongly blocks human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV), and equine infectious anemia virus (EIAV) release from virus-producing cells. The antiviral activity of equine tetherin is neutralized by EIAV envelope protein, but not by the HIV-1 accessory protein Vpu, which is a human tetherin antagonist, and EIAV envelope protein does not counteract human tetherin. These results shed new light on our understanding of the species-specific tetherin antiviral mechanism.
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Publication Date: 2013-11-13 PubMed ID: 24227834PubMed Central: PMC3911658DOI: 10.1128/JVI.03148-13Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This study discusses the isolation of equine tetherin, a cellular factor in horses that prevents the spread of certain enveloped viruses by inhibiting their release from cells. The researchers also studied the antiviral efficiency of equine tetherin, finding that it strongly inhibits HIV-1, SIV, and EIAV, with its activity being neutralized by EIAV envelope protein.

Antiviral Activity of Equine Tetherin

  • The authors report on the cloning and characterization of equine tetherin – a tetherin protein found in horses. Tetherin is an essential host factor that inhibits the replication of enveloped viruses by preventing their release from cells.
  • Equine tetherin shares some of its amino acid sequence with feline, human, simian, and murine tetherins, but there are also significant differences in the sequence, leading to differing lengths of the N-terminal domain.
  • Equine tetherin was found to be localized on the cell surface, where it serves its function of blocking the release of viruses.

The Inhibitory Effect of Equine Tetherin

  • The study found that equine tetherin is particularly effective in blocking the release of several varieties of viruses, including the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV), and equine infectious anemia virus (EIAV).
  • It’s important to note, however, that this antiviral activity can be neutralized by certain proteins on the viral envelope, specifically the EIAV envelope protein.

Species-Specific Antiviral Mechanism

  • The research enlightens about species-specific tetherin antiviral mechanism, due to variations between the tetherin proteins of different species. For instance, HIV-1 protein Vpu, a known antagonist of human tetherin, does not counteract equine tetherin. Conversely, EIAV envelope protein does not counteract human tetherin but does neutralize equine tetherin.
  • These findings signify that the antiviral functionality of tetherin is species-dependent, underpinning the need for further research to understand its full mechanism.

Cite This Article

APA
Yin X, Hu Z, Gu Q, Wu X, Zheng YH, Wei P, Wang X. (2013). Equine tetherin blocks retrovirus release and its activity is antagonized by equine infectious anemia virus envelope protein. J Virol, 88(2), 1259-1270. https://doi.org/10.1128/JVI.03148-13

Publication

Journal of virology
ISSN: 1098-5514
NlmUniqueID: 0113724
Country: United States
Language: English
Volume: 88
Issue: 2
Pages: 1259-1270

Researcher Affiliations

Yin, Xin
  • State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Harbin, China.
Hu, Zhe
    Gu, Qinyong
      Wu, Xingliang
        Zheng, Yong-Hui
          Wei, Ping
            Wang, Xiaojun

              MeSH Terms

              • Amino Acid Sequence
              • Animals
              • Antigens, CD / chemistry
              • Antigens, CD / genetics
              • Antigens, CD / metabolism
              • Base Sequence
              • Cats
              • Cell Line
              • Cloning, Molecular
              • Equine Infectious Anemia / genetics
              • Equine Infectious Anemia / metabolism
              • Equine Infectious Anemia / virology
              • Horses
              • Humans
              • Infectious Anemia Virus, Equine / genetics
              • Infectious Anemia Virus, Equine / physiology
              • Mice
              • Molecular Sequence Data
              • Retroviridae / genetics
              • Retroviridae / physiology
              • Sequence Alignment
              • Viral Envelope Proteins / genetics
              • Viral Envelope Proteins / metabolism
              • Virus Release

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