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Home / Equine Research Bank / Vet Pathol / Equine viral arteritis.
Veterinary pathology2000; 37(4); 287-296; doi: 10.1354/vp.37-4-287

Equine viral arteritis.

Abstract: Equine viral arteritis (EVA) can cause prominent economic losses for the equine industry. The purpose of this review is to provide the pathologist some familiarity with the clinical history, lesions, pathogenesis, and diagnosis of EVA. EVA is caused by an arterivirus (equine arteritis virus, EAV), and the vascular system is the principal but not unique viral target. EVA has variable presentations, including interstitial pneumonia, panvasculitis with edema, thrombosis and hemorrhage, lymphoid necrosis, renal tubular necrosis, abortion, and inflammation of male accessory genital glands. EAV antigen (EAVAg) can be demonstrated within the cytoplasm of epithelial cells such as alveolar pneumocytes, enterocytes, adrenal cortical cells, trophoblasts, thymus stroma, renal tubular cells, and male accessory genital gland cells. It can be also demonstrated within endothelia, in vascular, myometrial, and cardiac myocytes, macrophages, dendritelike cells of lymphoid organs, and chorionic mesenchymal stromal cells. In young and adult horses, following colonization of macrophages, the virus spreads systemically using circulating monocytes and enters the endothelium and tunica media of blood vessels, histiocytes, and dendritelike cells. Eventually, the virus multiplies within renal tubular cells. Lesions are uncommon in the aborted fetus; if present, they are mild, and EAVAg is frequently not detectable within fetal tissues and placenta. The clinical presentation and lesions of EVA may resemble those of other diseases. Complete pathologic examination associated with immunohistochemistry, virus isolation, and, especially in cases of abortion, serology will guarantee a directed and accurate diagnosis.
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Publication Date: 2000-07-15 PubMed ID: 10896389DOI: 10.1354/vp.37-4-287Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This research article focuses on equine viral arteritis, a contagious infection affecting horses, and discusses its impacts, transmission, epidemiology and current strategies for diagnosis, treatment and prevention.

Overview of Equine Viral Arteritis

  • Equine viral arteritis is explained as a contagious viral infection occurring sporadically in horses and has gained significant attention within veterinary medicine and the economy mainly due to a major outbreak in 1984 amongst Thoroughbreds in Kentucky.
  • The illness is particularly concerning due to two critical outcomes: firstly, it can cause mares to abort, and secondly, it can create a carrier state in stallions, making them long-term transmitters of the virus.

Transmission of the Virus

  • The study reveals that the virus tends to become established in a high percentage of infected stallions’ reproductive tracts.
  • These stallions, once infected, morph into highly potent sources of the infection, passing on the virus to susceptible mares either directly or indirectly. The paper indicates that venereal contact is a common mode of transmission.

Epidemiology and Spread of the Virus

  • The report points out that long-term carriers of equine arteritis virus – mainly stallions – have a prominent role in spreading and maintaining the virus across horse populations globally, impacting epidemiological outcomes.

Pathogenesis and Immunity

  • Aspects of the pathogenesis (how the virus causes disease) and immunity are discussed in this study. However, without more details, it is unclear what conclusions or findings the paper has on these specific areas. It may relate to how the virus interacts with the horses’ immune system and the clinical symptoms associated with infection.

Diagnosis, Treatment, and Control of the Disease

  • The paper mentions current methods of diagnosing, treating, and controlling equine viral arteritis but doesn’t provide further details. These approaches could encompass a range of strategies from laboratory testing and medical therapies to vaccination and quarantining measures.

Cite This Article

APA
Del Piero F. (2000). Equine viral arteritis. Vet Pathol, 37(4), 287-296. https://doi.org/10.1354/vp.37-4-287

Publication

Veterinary pathology
ISSN: 0300-9858
NlmUniqueID: 0312020
Country: United States
Language: English
Volume: 37
Issue: 4
Pages: 287-296

Researcher Affiliations

Del Piero, F
  • Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, New Bolton Center, Kennett Square 19348-1692, USA. fdp@vet.upenn.edu

MeSH Terms

  • Animals
  • Arterivirus Infections / economics
  • Arterivirus Infections / pathology
  • Arterivirus Infections / veterinary
  • Carrier State / veterinary
  • Equartevirus
  • Horse Diseases / economics
  • Horse Diseases / pathology
  • Horse Diseases / virology
  • Horses
  • Male

References

This article includes 61 references

Citations

This article has been cited 14 times.
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