Estradiol cypionate aided treatment for experimentally induced ascending placentitis in mares.
Abstract: The overall goal of this study was to assess the efficacy of various therapeutic combinations of estradiol cypionate (ECP, a long-acting estrogen) and altrenogest (ALT, a long-acting progestin) in addition to basic treatment for placentitis with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMS) and flunixin meglumine (FM). Specific outcomes measured in this experiment were (i) time from induction of bacterial placentitis to delivery, and foal parameters (high-risk, survival, and birth weight); and (ii) serum steroid concentrations (progesterone, 17α-hydroxyprogesterone, 17β-estradiol, and cortisol) in response to treatment. Pregnant mares (∼300 days gestation, n = 46) were randomly assigned into healthy mares (control group, CONT, n = 8) and mares with experimentally induced ascending placentitis (n = 38). Placentitis was induced via intracervical inoculation of Streptococcus equi subspecies zooepidemicus. Thereafter, placentitis induced mares were randomly assigned into: (1) basic treatment, TMS+FM (n = 8); (2) basic treatment with ALT supplementation, TMS+FM+ALT (n = 8); (3) basic treatment with ECP supplementation, TMS+FM+ECP (n = 6); (4) basic treatment with ALT and ECP supplementation TMS+FM+ALT+ECP (n = 6); and (5) no treatment (INOC, n = 10). Treatments were started 48 h after bacterial inoculation and carried out for ten consecutive days. Blood samples were collected daily, and mares were assessed for signs of placentitis until the mare delivered, or for ten consecutive days after onset of treatment. Steroids were analyzed via RIA. Continuous data were analyzed by ANOVA, and categorical data analyzed by Fisher's exact test. Significance was set at p < 0.05. Foal survival at parturition and seven days post-delivery were similar across treated groups (66.7-100%), and to the CONT group. Similar to CONT group, mares in the TMS+FM+ECP group had no high-risk foals while mares in the other groups had higher incidences (50-75%) (p < 0.05). The inclusion of ECP in the treatments resulted in foals with body weight similar to CONT group (p > 0.05). There were no group effects or time by group interactions on concentrations of steroids assessed herein (p > 0.05). In conclusion, in addition to basic treatment TMS+FM, mares with experimentally induced ascending placentitis benefited from ECP supplementation. Conversely, ALT did not appear to make a difference in outcomes. The immunoassays used for measurements of steroid concentrations did not appear useful to assess treatment response.
Copyright © 2017. Published by Elsevier Inc.
Publication Date: 2017-03-29 PubMed ID: 28755579DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2017.03.010Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary
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The study conducted aims to evaluate the efficiency of different treatments for placentitis in horses, where one of the treatments involves using estradiol cypionate. The experiment looks into whether the treatments have any impact on childbirth as well as if there are any changes in steroid concentrations.
Research Methodology
- About 46 pregnant mares around 300 days into their gestation period were randomly chosen for this study.
- These mares were then divided into two main groups. The first group (n = 8) consisted of healthy mares serving as a control group. The second group (n = 38) had mares which were artificially induced with placentitis (inflammation of the placenta) following an intracervical inoculation of Streptococcus equi subspecies zooepidemicus, a bacteria.
- The placentitis induced mares were further categorized into five groups. Group 1 received basic treatment consisting of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and flunixin meglumine (TMS+FM). Group 2 received basic treatment with added long-acting progestin (ALT). Group 3 received basic treatment with estradiol cypionate (ECP), a long-acting estrogen. Group 4 received basic treatment with both ALT and ECP. The fifth group did not receive any treatment.
- The treatments started 48 hours after the bacterial inoculation and were carried out for ten consecutive days.
- Daily blood samples were collected and the mares were observed for symptoms of placentitis until foaling or for ten days after beginning the treatment.
Results
- There was no significant difference in the foal survival rates at birth among all the treated groups and the control group.
- Mares who received basic treatment plus ECP did not produce any high-risk foals unlike other treated groups.
- The introduction of ECP in the treatments gave birth to foals with weight similar to the control group.
- There were no group effects or time by group interactions on concentrations of steroids.
Conclusion
- The addition of estradiol cypionate (ECP) to basic treatment demonstrated positive effects on mares induced with placentitis.
- The use of altrenogest (ALT) did not exhibit any improvement in outcomes when used alongside basic treatment.
- The methods of measuring steroid concentrations did not offer valuable insights about treatment responses.
Cite This Article
APA
Curcio BR, Canisso IF, Pazinato FM, Borba LA, Feijó LS, Muller V, Finger IS, Toribio RE, Nogueira CEW.
(2017).
Estradiol cypionate aided treatment for experimentally induced ascending placentitis in mares.
Theriogenology, 102, 98-107.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.theriogenology.2017.03.010 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Departamento de Clinica Veterinaria, Faculdade de Medicine Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61802, USA. Electronic address: curciobruna@hotmail.com.
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61802, USA. Electronic address: canisso@illinois.edu.
- Departamento de Clinica Veterinaria, Faculdade de Medicine Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
- Departamento de Clinica Veterinaria, Faculdade de Medicine Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
- Departamento de Clinica Veterinaria, Faculdade de Medicine Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
- Departamento de Clinica Veterinaria, Faculdade de Medicine Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
- Departamento de Clinica Veterinaria, Faculdade de Medicine Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
- Departamento de Clinica Veterinaria, Faculdade de Medicine Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
MeSH Terms
- Animals
- Anti-Bacterial Agents / administration & dosage
- Anti-Bacterial Agents / therapeutic use
- Clonixin / administration & dosage
- Clonixin / analogs & derivatives
- Clonixin / therapeutic use
- Drug Therapy, Combination
- Estradiol / administration & dosage
- Estradiol / analogs & derivatives
- Estradiol / therapeutic use
- Female
- Horse Diseases / drug therapy
- Horse Diseases / microbiology
- Horses
- Placenta Diseases / drug therapy
- Placenta Diseases / microbiology
- Placenta Diseases / veterinary
- Pregnancy
- Pregnancy Complications, Infectious / drug therapy
- Pregnancy Complications, Infectious / veterinary
- Streptococcal Infections / drug therapy
- Streptococcal Infections / microbiology
- Streptococcal Infections / veterinary
- Streptococcus equi
- Trenbolone Acetate / administration & dosage
- Trenbolone Acetate / analogs & derivatives
- Trenbolone Acetate / therapeutic use
- Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination / administration & dosage
- Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination / therapeutic use
Citations
This article has been cited 1 times.- Müller V, Toribio RE, Dembek K, Moraes BSS, Mousquer MA, Curcio BR, Nogueira CEW. Serum cortisol and thyroid hormone concentrations and survival in foals born from mares with experimentally induced ascending placentitis. J Vet Intern Med 2020 May;34(3):1332-1338.
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