Evaluation of a continuous glucose monitoring system for use in veterinary medicine.
Abstract: With the emergence of continuous glucose monitoring systems being used to provide a detailed glucose picture in humans, a commercially available system (CGMS(R), Medtronic Minimed, Northridge, CA) was examined for use in veterinary species. Methods: Adult, clinically normal horses (n = 7), cats (n = 3), dogs (n = 4), and cows (n = 5) were studied. Cats (n = 4), dogs (n = 5), and one horse with diabetes were included in the study. Several of the normal horses, including the horse with diabetes, and one cow were subjected to an intravenous glucose tolerance test. The CGMS was attached to each animal, and the recorded interstitial glucose concentrations were compared with whole blood glucose concentrations as determined by a point-of-care glucose meter. Events such as insulin administration, feeding, travel, or administration of intravenous glucose were all noted and compared with results from the CGMS. Results: There was a positive correlation between interstitial and whole blood glucose concentrations for all the clinically normal species, those with diabetes mellitus, and those receiving intravenous glucose. Events such as feeding, glucose or insulin administration, and transport to the clinic were noted by the owner or clinician and could be identified on the graph and correlated with time of occurrence. Conclusions: Our data indicate that the use of the CGMS is valid for use in the species examined. Use of this system alleviated the need for multiple blood samples and the stress associated with obtaining those samples. This system may provide greater monitoring capabilities in patients with diabetes and promote the diagnostic and research potential of serial glucose monitoring in veterinary species.
Publication Date: 2006-01-03 PubMed ID: 16386094DOI: 10.1089/dia.2005.7.885Google Scholar: Lookup
The Equine Research Bank provides access to a large database of publicly available scientific literature. Inclusion in the Research Bank does not imply endorsement of study methods or findings by Mad Barn.
- Evaluation Study
- Journal Article
- Animal Health
- Animal Studies
- Blood Analysis
- Clinical Pathology
- Clinical Study
- Clinical Symptoms
- Comparative Study
- Diagnosis
- Diagnostic Technique
- Disease Diagnosis
- Disease Treatment
- Equine Health
- Glucose
- Horses
- Insulin
- Metabolic Health
- Species Comparison
- Veterinary Care
- Veterinary Medicine
- Veterinary Procedure
- Veterinary Research
Summary
This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.
This study investigates the applicability of a commercially available continuous glucose monitoring system (originally intended for use in humans) for various veterinary species like horses, cats, dogs, and cows including those with diabetes. The authors found a positive correlation between measured interstitial and whole blood glucose concentrations in these animals; highlighting the system’s potential to simplify glucose monitoring in animal patients and reduce the stress from traditional blood sampling methods.
Research Methodology
- The study involved several adult and clinically normal horses, cats, dogs, and cows. In addition, a few animals with diabetes and some subjected to an intravenous glucose tolerance test were also included in the study.
- The continuous glucose monitoring system (CGMS) was attached to each animal. This device recorded the interstitial glucose concentrations from each animal over a designated period.
- The interstitial glucose concentration was then compared with the whole blood glucose concentration as determined through traditional point-of-care glucose meter used in veterinary medicine.
- The effects of certain significant events on blood glucose levels, such as insulin administration, feeding, travel, or administration of intravenous glucose, were also noted to identify any corresponding changes as shown by the CGMS.
Findings
- There was a consistent positive correlation between interstitial glucose concentrations (as determined by CGMS) and whole blood glucose concentrations for all species studied, including those with diabetes mellitus and those receiving intravenous glucose.
- The CGMS was able to identify changes in glucose levels that coincided with significant events like feeding, glucose or insulin administration, and transport.
- The above findings suggest that the CGMS provides accurate and reliable readings of glucose levels in these species.
Conclusions
- The use of the CGMS was found to be valid for all the tested veterinary species, indicating that it could be a useful tool for monitoring the glucose levels in these animals in a less invasive fashion compared to the traditional blood sample method.
- The system would not only alleviate the need for multiple blood samples and the stress associated with obtaining those samples, but may also provide greater monitoring capabilities in patients with diabetes.
- The CGMS also signals a considerable potential to augment the diagnostic and research possibilities associated with serial glucose monitoring in veterinary species.
Cite This Article
APA
Wiedmeyer CE, Johnson PJ, Cohn LA, Meadows RL, Kerl ME, Tessman RK, Perlis J, DeClue AE.
(2006).
Evaluation of a continuous glucose monitoring system for use in veterinary medicine.
Diabetes Technol Ther, 7(6), 885-895.
https://doi.org/10.1089/dia.2005.7.885 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Veterinary Medical Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA. wiedmeyer@missouri.edu
MeSH Terms
- Animals
- Blood Glucose / analysis
- Cats
- Cattle
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / blood
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / veterinary
- Dogs
- Glucose Tolerance Test / veterinary
- Horses
- Linear Models
- Monitoring, Ambulatory / instrumentation
- Monitoring, Ambulatory / methods
- Monitoring, Ambulatory / veterinary
Citations
This article has been cited 14 times.- Byrd MKH, Arneson AG, Soffa DR, Stewart JW, Rhoads ML. Human continuous glucose monitors for measurement of glucose in dairy cows.. JDS Commun 2022 Jan;3(1):78-83.
- Tardo AM, Irace C, Del Baldo F, Foglia A, Fracassi F. Clinical Use of a 180-Day Implantable Glucose Monitoring System in Dogs with Diabetes Mellitus: A Case Series.. Animals (Basel) 2022 Mar 29;12(7).
- Atkin SA, Moin ASM, Atkin SL, Butler AE. Hypoglycemia Impairs the Heat Shock Protein Response: A Risk for Heat Shock in Cattle?. Front Vet Sci 2022;9:822310.
- Howard LA, Lidbury JA, Jeffery N, Washburn SE, Patterson CA. Evaluation of a flash glucose monitoring system in nondiabetic dogs with rapidly changing blood glucose concentrations.. J Vet Intern Med 2021 Nov;35(6):2628-2635.
- Vitale V, Berg LC, Larsen BB, Hannesdottir A, Dybdahl Thomsen P, Laursen SH, Verwilghen D, van Galen G. Blood glucose and subcutaneous continuous glucose monitoring in critically ill horses: A pilot study.. PLoS One 2021;16(2):e0247561.
- Del Baldo F, Diana A, Canton C, Linta N, Chiocchetti R, Fracassi F. The Influence of Skin Thickness on Flash Glucose Monitoring System Accuracy in Dogs with Diabetes Mellitus.. Animals (Basel) 2021 Feb 5;11(2).
- Shea EK, Hess RS. Assessment of postprandial hyperglycemia and circadian fluctuation of glucose concentrations in diabetic dogs using a flash glucose monitoring system.. J Vet Intern Med 2021 Mar;35(2):843-852.
- Del Baldo F, Canton C, Testa S, Swales H, Drudi I, Golinelli S, Fracassi F. Comparison between a flash glucose monitoring system and a portable blood glucose meter for monitoring dogs with diabetes mellitus.. J Vet Intern Med 2020 Nov;34(6):2296-2305.
- Malerba E, Cattani C, Del Baldo F, Carotenuto G, Corradini S, Golinelli S, Drudi I, Fracassi F. Accuracy of a flash glucose monitoring system in dogs with diabetic ketoacidosis.. J Vet Intern Med 2020 Jan;34(1):83-91.
- Morgan RK, Cortes Y, Murphy L. Pathophysiology and aetiology of hypoglycaemic crises.. J Small Anim Pract 2018 Nov;59(11):659-669.
- Corradini S, Pilosio B, Dondi F, Linari G, Testa S, Brugnoli F, Gianella P, Pietra M, Fracassi F. Accuracy of a Flash Glucose Monitoring System in Diabetic Dogs.. J Vet Intern Med 2016 Jul;30(4):983-8.
- Mair B, Drillich M, Klein-Jöbstl D, Kanz P, Borchardt S, Meyer L, Schwendenwein I, Iwersen M. Glucose concentration in capillary blood of dairy cows obtained by a minimally invasive lancet technique and determined with three different hand-held devices.. BMC Vet Res 2016 Feb 24;12:34.
- Johnson PJ, Wiedmeyer CE, LaCarrubba A, Ganjam VK, Messer NT 4th. Diabetes, insulin resistance, and metabolic syndrome in horses.. J Diabetes Sci Technol 2012 May 1;6(3):534-40.
- Johnson PJ, Wiedmeyer CE, Messer NT, Ganjam VK. Medical implications of obesity in horses--lessons for human obesity.. J Diabetes Sci Technol 2009 Jan;3(1):163-74.
Use Nutrition Calculator
Check if your horse's diet meets their nutrition requirements with our easy-to-use tool Check your horse's diet with our easy-to-use tool
Talk to a Nutritionist
Discuss your horse's feeding plan with our experts over a free phone consultation Discuss your horse's diet over a phone consultation
Submit Diet Evaluation
Get a customized feeding plan for your horse formulated by our equine nutritionists Get a custom feeding plan formulated by our nutritionists
