Evaluation of a diode laser for use in induction of tendinopathy in the superficial digital flexor tendon of horses.
Abstract: To evaluate use of a diode laser to induce tendinopathy in the superficial digital flexor tendon (SDFT) of horses. Methods: 4 equine cadavers and 5 adult horses. Methods: Cadaveric SDFT samples were exposed to a diode laser at various energy settings to determine an appropriate energy for use in in vivo experiments; lesion size was assessed histologically. In vivo experiments involved laser energy induction of lesions in the SDFT (2 preliminary horses [0, 25, 75, and 87.5 J] and 3 study horses [0 and 125 J]) and assessment of lesions. Study duration was 21 days, and lesions were assessed clinically and via ultrasonography, MRI, and histologic evaluation. Results: Lesion induction in cadaveric tissues resulted in a spherical cavitated core with surrounding tissue coagulation. Lesion size had a linear relationship (R2 = 0.9) with the energy administered. Size of in vivo lesions in preliminary horses indicated that larger lesions were required. In study horses, lesions induced with 125 J were ultrasonographically and histologically larger than were control lesions. At proximal and distal locations, pooled (preliminary and study horses) ultrasonographically assessed lesions were discrete and variable in size (mean ± SEM lesion percentage for control lesions, 8.5 ± 3%; for laser lesions, 12.2 ± 1.7%). Ultrasonography and MRI measurements were associated (R2 > 0.84) with cross-sectional area measurements. Conclusions: In vivo diode laser-induced lesions did not reflect cadaveric lesions in repeatable size. Further research is required before diode lasers can reliably be used for inducing tendinopathy.
Publication Date: 2012-08-29 PubMed ID: 22924726DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.73.9.1435Google Scholar: Lookup
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- Evaluation Study
- Journal Article
- Research Support
- Non-U.S. Gov't
Summary
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This research explores the effectiveness of a diode laser in inducing tendinopathy, a condition involving tendon damage, in horses. The study highlights that while successful in creating lesions, the size of these resulting lesions lacks consistency and needs further research to improve reliability.
Methodology
- The study involved both ex vivo (cadaveric) and in vivo tests involving horses’ superficial digital flexor tendon (SDFT).
- Various energy settings of a diode laser were tested on cadaveric SDFT samples. The size of the resulting lesions (injured tissue) was then assessed histologically.
- In the live horse testing part, laser energy was applied to induce lesions in the SDFT of horses. The study duration for each horse was 21 days during which lesions were evaluated clinically and by use of ultrasonography, MRI, and histologic evaluation.
Results
- In cadaveric tissues, lesion induction resulted in a spherical cavitated core with the surrounding tissue undergoing coagulation.
- The size of the lesion showed a linear relationship with the amount of energy applied, showing a high correlation (R2 = 0.9).
- However, size consistency of in vivo lesions in preliminary horses suggested that larger lesions were needed to match the cadaveric ones.
- In study horses, lesions induced with 125 J were larger than control lesions, both ultrasonographically and histologically.
- Lesions were variable in size and were measurable using ultrasonography and MRI, which showed a strong correlation with cross-sectional area measurements.
Conclusion
- While it was possible to induce tendinopathy using a diode laser, the size of the lesions created was inconsistent between cadaveric and live samples.
- Ultimately, further research is necessary to improve the consistent and reliable use of diode lasers for inducing tendinopathy in equine study.
Cite This Article
APA
Vallance SA, Vidal MA, Whitcomb MB, Murphy BG, Spriet M, Galuppo LD.
(2012).
Evaluation of a diode laser for use in induction of tendinopathy in the superficial digital flexor tendon of horses.
Am J Vet Res, 73(9), 1435-1444.
https://doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.73.9.1435 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
MeSH Terms
- Animals
- Female
- Histocytochemistry / veterinary
- Horse Diseases / diagnostic imaging
- Horse Diseases / pathology
- Horses
- Lasers, Semiconductor / standards
- Magnetic Resonance Imaging / veterinary
- Statistics, Nonparametric
- Tendinopathy / diagnostic imaging
- Tendinopathy / pathology
- Tendinopathy / veterinary
- Ultrasonography
Citations
This article has been cited 3 times.- Doll CU, von Pueckler K, Offhaus J, Berner D, Burk J. Characterization of Equine Chronic Tendon Lesions in Low- and High-Field Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Vet Sci 2022 Jun 15;9(6).
- Ahrberg AB, Horstmeier C, Berner D, Brehm W, Gittel C, Hillmann A, Josten C, Rossi G, Schubert S, Winter K, Burk J. Effects of mesenchymal stromal cells versus serum on tendon healing in a controlled experimental trial in an equine model. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2018 Jul 18;19(1):230.
- Berner D, Brehm W, Gerlach K, Gittel C, Offhaus J, Paebst F, Scharner D, Burk J. Longitudinal Cell Tracking and Simultaneous Monitoring of Tissue Regeneration after Cell Treatment of Natural Tendon Disease by Low-Field Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Stem Cells Int 2016;2016:1207190.
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