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Evaluation of a portable clinical analyzer for the determination of blood gas partial pressures, electrolyte concentrations, and hematocrit in venous blood samples collected from cattle, horses, and sheep.
Abstract: To compare results reported for blood gas partial pressures, electrolyte concentrations, and Hct in venous blood samples collected from cattle, horses, and sheep and analyzed by use of a portable clinical analyzer (PCA) and reference analyzer (RA). Methods: Clinically normal animals (24 cattle, 22 horses, and 22 sheep). Methods: pH; Pco(2); Po(2); total carbon dioxide concentration; oxygen saturation; base excess; concentrations of HCO(3)(-), Na(+), K(+), and ionized calcium; Hct; and hemoglobin concentration were determined with a PCA. Results were compared with those obtained for the same blood sample with an RA. Bias (mean difference) and variability (95% confidence interval) were determined for all data reported. Data were also subjected to analyses by Deming regression and Pearson correlation. Results: Analysis of Bland-Altman plots revealed good agreement between results obtained with the PCA and those obtained with the RA for pH and total carbon dioxide concentration in cattle, K(+) concentration in horses and sheep, and base excess in horses. Except for Na(+) concentration and Hct in horses and sheep, correlation was good or excellent for most variables reported. Conclusions: Data from blood gas and electrolyte analyses obtained by use of the PCA can be used to evaluate the health status of cattle, horses, and sheep. Furthermore, the handheld PCA device may have a great advantage over the RA device as a result of the ability to analyze blood samples on farms that may be located far from urban centers.
Publication Date: 2010-05-04 PubMed ID: 20433376DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.71.5.515Google Scholar: Lookup The Equine Research Bank provides access to a large database of publicly available scientific literature. Inclusion in the Research Bank does not imply endorsement of study methods or findings by Mad Barn.
- Journal Article
- Analytical Methods
- Blood
- Blood Analysis
- Clinical Examination
- Clinical Findings
- Clinical Pathology
- Clinical Study
- Comparative Study
- Diagnosis
- Diagnostic Imaging
- Diagnostic Technique
- Disease Diagnosis
- Electrolytes
- Equine Health
- Hematology
- Horses
- Laboratory Methods
- pH
- Veterinary Medicine
- Veterinary Procedure
- Veterinary Research
Summary
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The research study evaluates the effectiveness of a portable clinical analyzer that measures blood gas partial pressures, electrolyte concentrations, and hematocrit in blood samples from cattle, horses, and sheep, comparing its results with a reference analyzer. The study showed good agreement between both devices and suggests the portable analyzer could be particularly useful for analyzing blood samples in remote farm locations.
Methodology
- Blood samples were taken from clinically normal animals, including 24 cattle, 22 horses, and 22 sheep.
- Various measurements were taken using a Portable Clinical Analyzer (PCA). These included pH levels, partial pressures of carbon dioxide (Pco2) and oxygen (Po2), total carbon dioxide concentration, oxygen saturation, base excess, concentrations of bicarbonate (HCO3-), sodium (Na+), potassium (K+), and ionized calcium. Hematocrit (Hct) and hemoglobin concentration were also noted.
- The same measurements were then taken using a Reference Analyzer (RA), to serve as a control.
- The results from both devices were compared and a bias(mean difference) and variability (95% confidence interval) for all data reported were determined.
- The collected data were analyzed using Deming regression and Pearson correlation.
Results
- The analysis of Bland-Altman plots showed a good agreement between the results obtained with the PCA and the RA for pH levels and total CO2 concentrations in cattle. PCA also reported similar potassium (K+) results in horses and sheep and base excess in horses as seen in RA.
- Excellent or good correlation was observed for most of the variables reported, except for sodium (Na+) concentration and hematocrit (Hct) in horses and sheep.
Conclusion
- The results suggest that PCA’s data from blood gas and electrolyte analyses can reliably evaluate the health status of cattle, horses, and sheep.
- The portable, handheld nature of the PCA is an added advantage, particularly for on-site analysis in remote farms located far from urban centers, offering a versatile and efficient alternative to the larger and less portable RA.
Cite This Article
APA
Peiró JR, Borges AS, Gonçalves RC, Mendes LC.
(2010).
Evaluation of a portable clinical analyzer for the determination of blood gas partial pressures, electrolyte concentrations, and hematocrit in venous blood samples collected from cattle, horses, and sheep.
Am J Vet Res, 71(5), 515-521.
https://doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.71.5.515 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Department of Clinics, Surgery, and Animal Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Araçatuba, SP 16050-680, Brazil. jpeiro@fmva.unesp.br
MeSH Terms
- Animals
- Bicarbonates / blood
- Blood Gas Analysis
- Carbon Dioxide / blood
- Cattle / blood
- Hematocrit
- Hemoglobins / analysis
- Horses / blood
- Hydrogen-Ion Concentration
- Oxygen / blood
- Partial Pressure
- Regression Analysis
- Sheep / blood
- Species Specificity
Citations
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- Couto Serrenho R, Bruinjé TC, Morrison EI, Renaud DL, DeVries TJ, Duffield TF, LeBlanc SJ. Validation of a point-of-care handheld blood total calcium analyzer in postpartum dairy cows. JDS Commun 2021 Jan;2(1):41-45.
- Tucker L, Almeida D, Wendt-Hornickle E, Baldo CF, Allweiler S, Guedes AGP. Effect of 15° Reverse Trendelenburg Position on Arterial Oxygen Tension during Isoflurane Anesthesia in Horses. Animals (Basel) 2022 Feb 1;12(3).
- Lee SH, Choi EW, Kim D. Relationship between the values of blood parameters and physical status in Korean native calves with diarrhea. J Vet Sci 2020 Mar;21(2):e17.
- Andrade IM, Simões PBA, Lamas LP, Carolino N, Lima MS. Blood lactate, pH, base excess and pCO(2) as prognostic indicators in caesarean-born kids from goats with pregnancy toxaemia. Ir Vet J 2019;72:10.
- Zakia LS, Palumbo MIP, Teixeira RBC, Resende LAL, Soares MP, de Oliveira-Filho JP, Amorim RM, Borges AS. Neuromyotonia in a horse. J Vet Intern Med 2019 Jan;33(1):287-291.
- Gonzalez-Rivas PA, DiGiacomo K, Giraldo PA, Leury BJ, Cottrell JJ, Dunshea FR. Reducing rumen starch fermentation of wheat with three percent sodium hydroxide has the potential to ameliorate the effect of heat stress in grain-fed wethers. J Anim Sci 2017 Dec;95(12):5547-5562.
- Stoot LJ, Cairns NA, Cull F, Taylor JJ, Jeffrey JD, Morin F, Mandelman JW, Clark TD, Cooke SJ. Use of portable blood physiology point-of-care devices for basic and applied research on vertebrates: a review. Conserv Physiol 2014;2(1):cou011.
- Yildirim E, Karapinar T, Hayirli A. Reliability of the i-STAT for the determination of blood electrolyte (K+, Na+, and CI-) concentrations in cattle. J Vet Intern Med 2015 Jan;29(1):388-94.
- Cezar AM, Paula da Silva A, de Toledo AF, Tomaluski CR, Dondé SC, Virgínio Júnior GF, Marcondes MI, Bittar CMM. On-farm approaches to increase whole-milk total solids: Effects on performance and health of dairy calves. JDS Commun 2025 Jul;6(4):497-501.
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- Parraguez VH, McCoard S, Sandoval C, Candia F, Maclean P, Mace W, Liu X, Sales F. The Effect of N-Carbamylglutamate Supplementation during the Last Third of Gestation on the Growth and Development of Fetuses Born to Nutrient-Restricted Twin-Bearing Ewes. Animals (Basel) 2024 Mar 19;14(6).
- Leal Yepes FA, Behling-Kelly E, Caixeta LS, Tikofsky L, Parrish L, Heaton KN. Evaluation of a point-of-care calcium device in bovine plasma and serum. JDS Commun 2023 Sep;4(5):390-393.
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