Evaluation of an in vivo heterotopic model of osteogenic differentiation of equine bone marrow and muscle mesenchymal stem cells in fibrin glue scaffold.
Abstract: Autologous mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been used as a potential cell-based therapy in various animal and human diseases. Their differentiation capacity makes them useful as a novel strategy in the treatment of tissue injury in which the healing process is compromised or delayed. In horses, bone healing is slow, taking a minimum of 6-12 months. The osteogenic capacity of equine bone marrow and muscle MSCs mixed with fibrin glue or phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) as a scaffold is assessed. Bone production by the following groups was compared: Group 1, bone marrow (BM) MSCs in fibrin glue; Group 2, muscle (M) MSCs in fibrin glue; Group 3, BM MSCs in PBS; Group 4, M MSCs in PBS and as a control; Group 5, fibrin glue without cells. BM and M MSCs underwent osteogenic stimulation for 48 h prior to being injected intramuscularly into nude mice. After 4 weeks, the mice were killed and muscle samples were collected and evaluated for bone formation and mineralization by using radiology, histochemistry and immunohistochemistry. Positive bone formation and mineralization were confirmed in Group 1 in nude mice based on calcium deposition and the presence of osteocalcin and collagen type I; in addition, a radiopaque area was observed on radiographs. However, no evidence of mineralization or bone formation was observed in Groups 2-5. In this animal model, equine BM MSCs mixed with fibrin glue showed better osteogenic differentiation capacity compared with BM MSCs in PBS and M MSCs in either carrier.
Publication Date: 2013-11-21 PubMed ID: 24258028DOI: 10.1007/s00441-013-1742-3Google Scholar: Lookup
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- Journal Article
- Research Support
- Non-U.S. Gov't
Summary
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The research paper investigates the bone healing capacities of horse bone marrow and muscle stem cells placed in a fibrin glue structure. The results indicate that equine bone marrow stem cells mixed with fibrin glue demonstrated superior osteogenic differentiation abilities relative to other combinations tested.
Objective of the Research
- The primary objective of this research is to evaluate the bone regeneration capabilities of horse mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), obtained either from bone marrow or muscle and combined with either fibrin glue or a phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) scaffold.
Process of the Research
- The researchers acquired and prepared MSCs from the bone marrow and muscle of horses. They also prepared two kinds of scaffolds, one using fibrin glue and another using PBS.
- These cells were then mixed with the scaffold materials, resulting in four experimental groups: bone marrow MSCs in fibrin glue, muscle MSCs in fibrin glue, bone marrow MSCs in PBS, and muscle MSCs in PBS. A control group was established with just fibrin glue, without any MSCs.
- All the MSCs were exposed to osteogenic stimulation for 48 hours before being inserted into muscle tissue of nude mice.
- After a period of four weeks, the mice were euthanized in order for muscle tissue samples to be collected for evaluation of bone formation and mineralization.
Results of the Research
- The result of the study showed that bone marrow MSCs mixed with fibrin glue scaffold exhibited higher osteogenic differentiation capacity, as confirmed by calcium deposition, presence of osteocalcin and collagen type I, and radiopaque areas observed in radiographs.
- In contrast, no signs of bone formation or mineralization were seen in any of the other study groups, including muscle MSCs mixed with either of the scaffold types, bone marrow MSCs combined with PBS, and the control group.
Conclusions of the Research
- The research concludes that using a fibrin glue scaffold to deliver bone marrow MSCs is a potential solution for aiding bone healing in horses, notably superior than using muscle MSCs or PBS as a scaffold.
- The findings signify a promising development in stem cell therapy for treatment of tissue injury, especially slow-healing bone damages.
Cite This Article
APA
McD￮ LA, Esparza Gonzalez BP, Nino-Fong R, Aburto E.
(2013).
Evaluation of an in vivo heterotopic model of osteogenic differentiation of equine bone marrow and muscle mesenchymal stem cells in fibrin glue scaffold.
Cell Tissue Res, 355(2), 327-335.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00441-013-1742-3 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Comparative Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Department of Health Management, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, 550 University Avenue, Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, C1A4P3, Canada, lmcd￮@upei.ca.
MeSH Terms
- Animals
- Bone Marrow Cells / cytology
- Cell Differentiation / drug effects
- Fibrin Tissue Adhesive / pharmacology
- Horses
- Humans
- Immunohistochemistry
- Mesenchymal Stem Cells / cytology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Nude
- Models, Animal
- Muscles / cytology
- Ossification, Heterotopic / diagnostic imaging
- Ossification, Heterotopic / pathology
- Osteocalcin / metabolism
- Osteogenesis / drug effects
- Radiography
- Tissue Scaffolds / chemistry
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