Evaluation of arthrocentesis site bacterial flora before and after 4 methods of preparation in horses with and without evidence of skin contamination.
Abstract: To evaluate the effectiveness of four methods of povidone-iodine preparation on skin bacterial flora of arthrocentesis sites, in horses, with and without evidence of skin contamination. Methods: Prospective randomized study. Methods: Twenty-four adult horses. Methods: Horses were assigned to either the clean or contaminated group based on housing environment and visual evidence of contamination. Using a moist sterile swab, microbial culture samples were obtained from the skin over the distal interphalangeal joints immediately before and after preparation. Each site was aseptically prepared with 1 of 4 povidone-iodine techniques: 10-minutes scrub, 5-minutes scrub, three 30-second scrubs, or commercial one-step iodophor surgical solution. Colony forming units (CFUs) were determined for each sample, 24 hours after inoculation, on blood agar plates. Results: Mean (+/-SD) pre-scrub CFUs/mL was significantly higher in the contaminated group (9588.33+/-1223.65) compared with the clean group (4489.00+/-3842.03) (P<.01). After preparation of the arthrocentesis sites, there were no significant differences in post-scrub CFUs/mL among the 10 minutes (mean clean, 46.00+/-64.36; mean contaminated, 28.67+/-18.04), 5 minutes (mean clean, 84.17+/-109.80; mean contaminated, 40.33+/-44.52), three 30 seconds povidone-iodine scrubs (mean clean, 95.50+/-172.29; mean contaminated, 46.67+/-56.94), or application of a commercial one-step iodophor surgical solution (mean clean, 102.17+/-161.78; mean contaminated 117.67+/-143.78); or between the clean (81.96+/-131.69) and contaminated groups (58.33+/-85.90) (P<.01). Conclusions: Preparation of the distal interphalangeal joint arthrocentesis site with each of these techniques significantly reduces the bacterial flora to a similar level for arthrocentesis in horses with and without evidence of skin contamination. Clinical Relevance- Aseptic preparation of the skin over the distal interphalangeal joint may be accomplished with any of these techniques.
Publication Date: 2004-09-15 PubMed ID: 15362992DOI: 10.1111/j.1532-950X.2004.04074.xGoogle Scholar: Lookup
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- Clinical Trial
- Journal Article
- Randomized Controlled Trial
Summary
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The research article discusses the effect of four different povidone-iodine preparation techniques on the bacterial flora at horse arthrocentesis sites. The study finds that each of these techniques significantly reduces the bacterial flora, both in cases with and without overt skin contamination.
Objective of the Research
- The study sought to establish the effectiveness of four different methods of povidone-iodine preparation in managing the bacterial flora present at arthrocentesis sites on horses.
Methodology of the Research
- The study was carried out prospectively on 24 adult horses.
- Horses were split into two groups: a ‘clean’ group and a ‘contaminated’ group, based on their housing conditions and visible evidence of contamination.
- To evaluate bacterial presence, microbial culture samples were collected before and after the preparation from the skin over the horse’s distal interphalangeal joints, using a moist sterile swab.
- Each site was then aseptically prepared with one of four povidone-iodine methods: a 10-minute scrub, a 5-minute scrub, series of three 30-second scrubs, or utilizing a commercial one-step iodophor surgical solution.
- 24 hours post-inoculation, colony forming units (CFUs) were quantified for each sample on blood agar plates.
Results of the Research
- Analysis of the results showed that the degree of bacterial presence (CFUs/mL) before preparation was significantly higher within the ‘contaminated’ group compared to the ‘clean’ group.
- However, following preparation of the arthrocentesis sites, there wasn’t a substantial difference in the level of post-scrub bacterial presence among the four methods or between ‘clean’ and ‘contaminated’ groups.
Conclusions from the Research
- The four povidone-iodine preparation techniques significantly reduced bacterial flora to a similar level for arthrocentesis in horses, in both ‘clean’ and ‘contaminated’ groups.
- The clinical relevance of this study points out that aseptic preparation over the skin of the distal interphalangeal joint can be achieved effectively using any of these techniques.
Cite This Article
APA
Zubrod CJ, Farnsworth KD, Oaks JL.
(2004).
Evaluation of arthrocentesis site bacterial flora before and after 4 methods of preparation in horses with and without evidence of skin contamination.
Vet Surg, 33(5), 525-530.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1532-950X.2004.04074.x Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-7060, USA.
MeSH Terms
- Administration, Cutaneous
- Animals
- Anti-Infective Agents, Local / administration & dosage
- Arthroscopy / methods
- Arthroscopy / veterinary
- Horse Diseases / surgery
- Horses
- Joint Diseases / surgery
- Joint Diseases / veterinary
- Povidone-Iodine / administration & dosage
- Preoperative Care / methods
- Preoperative Care / veterinary
- Prospective Studies
- Skin / microbiology
Citations
This article has been cited 6 times.- Krause DM, Pezzanite LM, Griffenhagen GM, Hendrickson DA. Comparison of equine synovial sepsis rate following intrasynovial injection in ambulatory versus hospital settings.. Equine Vet J 2022 May;54(3):523-530.
- Lavallée JM, Shmon C, Beaufrère H, Chirino-Trejo M, Linn K. Influence of clipping on bacterial contamination of canine arthrocentesis sites before and after skin preparation.. Vet Surg 2020 Oct;49(7):1307-1314.
- Lioce CG, Davis EC, Bennett JW, Townsend FI, Bloch CP. Scalpel blade contamination and risk of postoperative surgical site infection following abdominal incisions in dogs.. BMC Res Notes 2019 Jul 25;12(1):459.
- Kick BL, Gumber S, Wang H, Moore RH, Taylor DK. Evaluation of 4 Presurgical Skin Preparation Methods in Mice.. J Am Assoc Lab Anim Sci 2019 Jan 1;58(1):71-77.
- Xu C, Peng H, Chai W, Li X, Li R, Chen J. Inadvertent Introduction of Tissue Coring Into Joints During Arthrocentesis: An Experimental Study.. Med Sci Monit 2017 Jul 22;23:3571-3577.
- Fungwithaya P, Brikshavana P, Chanchaithong P, Prapasarakul N. Distribution of methicillin-resistant coagulase-positive staphylococci (MRCoPS) in a surgical unit and cystotomy operation sites in a veterinary teaching hospital.. J Vet Med Sci 2017 Feb 28;79(2):359-365.
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