Evaluation of Baermann apparatus sedimentation time on recovery of Strongylus vulgaris and S. edentatus third stage larvae from equine coprocultures.
Abstract: Traditional methods of diagnosing equine Strongylinae infections require culturing feces, sedimenting the culture media in Baermann apparatuses, collecting the sediment, and morphologically identifying recovered third stage larvae. However, this method is plagued by low negative predictive values. This study evaluated sedimentation time within the Baermann apparatus by comparing larval recovery from the traditionally collected sediment, "sediment 1", and from the usually discarded remaining fluid contents, "sediment 2", of the Baermann apparatus after 12, 24, and 48 h. A grand total of 147,482 larvae were recovered and examined. Sedimentation time did not significantly influence total larval recovery. At all three durations, significantly more Cyathostominae and Strongylus vulgaris larvae were covered from sediment 1 than from sediment 2. However, less than 60% of all recovered Strongylus edentatus were recovered from sediment 1. As 95% of S. vulgaris larvae were always recovered from sediment 1, the need for collection and examination of the remaining fluid contents of the Baermann apparatus is obviated when performing coprocultures for diagnosis of S. vulgaris infections, and sedimentation for 12h is adequate. Approximately 70% of Cyathostominae were recovered in sediment 1 at all durations, suggesting that 12h of sedimentation is adequate, although there is a need for future research to evaluate the risk of selection bias at differing sedimentation times among individual cyathostomin species. In contrast to S. vulgaris, collecting and examining the entire contents of the Baermann apparatus may be necessary when an increased diagnostic sensitivity and negative predictive value is desired in diagnosing S. edentatus infections as only 38-61% of larvae were recovered from sediment 1 portion of the Baermann apparatus. This information will allow researchers and practitioners to make more informed decisions in choosing appropriate larval recovery techniques, balancing recovery, time, and effort.
Copyright © 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Publication Date: 2015-05-08 PubMed ID: 25976635DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2015.05.001Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary
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The research paper analyzes the impact of varying sedimentation time within the Baermann apparatus, a device used for diagnosing equine Strongylinae infections. The results show little change in the total number of larvae recovered at different time intervals, with the majority being found in the traditionally collected sediment.
Methodology Employed
- The research approach focused on comparing larval recovery from two different sources: “Sediment 1”, which is traditionally collected and “Sediment 2”, which is typically discarded, in the Baermann apparatus at different points of time: 12 hours, 24 hours and 48 hours.
- 147,482 larvae were recovered and examined under these experiments.
Findings Overview
- The researchers found out that the total larval recovery was not significantly influenced by sedimentation time, and this was consistent for all the three durations tested.
- Results showed that significantly more Cyathostominae and Strongylus vulgaris larvae were recovered from Sediment 1 than from Sediment 2, no matter the time duration.
- However, What was peculiar was that less than 60% of all recovered Strongylus edentatus were sourced from Sediment 1.
Implications and Recommendations
- It was inferred that when diagnosing for S. vulgaris infections, there was no need for collection and examination of the remaining fluid contents (Sediment 2) of the Baermann apparatus since 95% of S. vulgaris larvae were consistently recovered from Sediment 1; thus implying that 12-hours sedimentation duration is suitable.
- For Cyathostominae, about 70% were recovered in sediment 1 across all time durations, supporting that 12 hours of sedimentation is also adequate. However, the authors also mention the scope for future research to evaluate potential biases in different sedimentation times among individual cyathostomin species.
- In contrast to S. vulgaris, when diagnosing S. edentatus infections for greater diagnostic sensitivity and negative predictive value, it may be essential to collect and examine the entire contents of the Baermann apparatus as only 38-61% of larvae were recovered from Sediment 1.
- This research is intended to aid researchers and practitioners in selecting better larval recovery techniques, in order to optimize balance between recovery, time, and effort.
Cite This Article
APA
Bellaw JL, Nielsen MK.
(2015).
Evaluation of Baermann apparatus sedimentation time on recovery of Strongylus vulgaris and S. edentatus third stage larvae from equine coprocultures.
Vet Parasitol, 211(1-2), 99-101.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetpar.2015.05.001 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- M. H. Gluck Equine Research Center, Department of Veterinary Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA. Electronic address: jbe244@uky.edu.
- M. H. Gluck Equine Research Center, Department of Veterinary Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.
MeSH Terms
- Animals
- Culture Media
- Horses
- Larva
- Strongyle Infections, Equine / parasitology
- Strongyloidea / isolation & purification
- Strongylus / isolation & purification
- Time Factors
Citations
This article has been cited 7 times.- Osterman-Lind E, Hedberg Alm Y, Hassler H, Wilderoth H, Thorolfson H, Tydén E. Evaluation of Strategies to Reduce Equine Strongyle Infective Larvae on Pasture and Study of Larval Migration and Overwintering in a Nordic Climate.. Animals (Basel) 2022 Nov 10;12(22).
- Hedberg-Alm Y, Tydén E, Tamminen LM, Lindström L, Anlén K, Svensson M, Riihimäki M. Clinical features and treatment response to differentiate idiopathic peritonitis from non-strangulating intestinal infarction of the pelvic flexure associated with Strongylus vulgaris infection in the horse.. BMC Vet Res 2022 Apr 23;18(1):149.
- Steuer AE, Anderson HP, Shepherd T, Clark M, Scare JA, Gravatte HS, Nielsen MK. Parasite dynamics in untreated horses through one calendar year.. Parasit Vectors 2022 Feb 8;15(1):50.
- Tydén E, Enemark HL, Franko MA, Höglund J, Osterman-Lind E. Prevalence of Strongylus vulgaris in horses after ten years of prescription usage of anthelmintics in Sweden.. Vet Parasitol X 2019 Nov;2:100013.
- Hedberg-Alm Y, Penell J, Riihimäki M, Osterman-Lind E, Nielsen MK, Tydén E. Parasite Occurrence and Parasite Management in Swedish Horses Presenting with Gastrointestinal Disease-A Case-Control Study.. Animals (Basel) 2020 Apr 7;10(4).
- Tydén E, Jansson A, Ringmark S. Parasites in Horses Kept in A 2.5 Year-Round Grazing System in Nordic Conditions without Supplementary Feeding.. Animals (Basel) 2019 Dec 17;9(12).
- Kaspar A, Pfister K, Nielsen MK, Silaghi C, Fink H, Scheuerle MC. Detection of Strongylus vulgaris in equine faecal samples by real-time PCR and larval culture - method comparison and occurrence assessment.. BMC Vet Res 2017 Jan 11;13(1):19.
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