Evaluation of chlorhexidine hydrochloride treatment on endometrial health of normal mares.
Abstract: Chlorhexidine gluconate solution is a potent antimicrobial and therefore could be used effectively for treatment of endometritis, but historically this substance has been implicated as irritating to mucous membranes, including the endometrium of the mare. The use of chlorhexidine hydrochloride suspension (Nolvasan Suspension, Zoetis, Florham Park, NJ, USA) was evaluated in the uterus of normal mares to determine if adverse effects on endometrial health were noted. Twelve healthy, adult light breed mares were included in this study. Procedures were approved by the Auburn University Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee. All mares were determined to be reproductively normal by evaluation of endometrial histopathology, cytology, and bacterial culture. Mares were randomly assigned to treatment or control groups (n = 6 per group). Each mare was treated during estrus with an intrauterine infusion of 1 g (28 mLs per tube; 35.7 mg/mL) of chlorhexidine hydrochloride suspension (treatment group) or an equal volume of lactated ringer's solution (control group) once daily for 3 consecutive days. Biopsy and cytology samples were taken 3, 7, and 14 days after completion of treatment. Cytology and biopsy samples were read by a board-certified pathologist (L.N.) blinded to treatments, and biopsy samples were graded using a standardized Kenney-Doig score. There was no difference with respect to biopsy grade, degree of endometrial fibrosis, or presence of cytologic inflammation comparing control and treatment groups (P = 0.55, 0.7, and 0.06, respectively), neither when accounting for sampling day. The suspension was visible within the uterine lumen when mares were examined with transrectal ultrasonography for up to 4 days after treatment. Treatment with chlorhexidine hydrochloride in this formulation and at this concentration does not appear to have a deleterious effect on short term endometrial health in mares.
Published by Elsevier Inc.
Publication Date: 2016-10-06 PubMed ID: 27865413DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2016.09.054Google Scholar: Lookup
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- Journal Article
- Randomized Controlled Trial
Summary
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This study evaluated the use of chlorhexidine hydrochloride suspension as a treatment for endometritis in mares. The findings suggested that it had no harmful effects on their endometrial health.
Research Methodology
- The researchers conducted the experiment on twelve healthy adult light breed mares, which were verified to be reproductively normal via endometrial histopathology, cytology, and bacterial culture.
- The mares were separated randomly into two groups, the treatment group that would receive the chlorhexidine hydrochloride suspension, and the control group which would get an equal volume of lactated ringer’s solution, a standard medical salt solution.
- The treatment was administered intra-uterine during estrus once daily for three consecutive days.
Data Collection
- After the completion of treatment, biopsy and cytology samples were collected from the mares on days 3, 7, and 14.
- A pathologist, who was not privy to the treatment details, analyzed the samples.
- The experts used the standardized Kenney-Doig score to grade the biopsy samples.
Results and Findings
- The suspension remained noticeable within the uterine lumen for up to four days following treatment when mares were examined by transrectal ultrasonography.
- On comparing the control and treatment groups, and taking into account the sampling day, it was found that there was no significant difference in biopsy grade, degree of endometrial fibrosis, or the presence of cytologic inflammation. This suggests that the treatment did not have any noticeable negative impacts on the mares’ endometrial health.
Conclusion
- The conclusions drawn from the study was that treatment with chlorhexidine hydrochloride suspension, in the given formulation and concentration, did not seem to harm the short-term endometrial health of the mares.
Cite This Article
APA
Fraser NS, Johnson AK, Wilborn RR, Dujovne GA, Nuehring L.
(2016).
Evaluation of chlorhexidine hydrochloride treatment on endometrial health of normal mares.
Theriogenology, 88, 61-66.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.theriogenology.2016.09.054 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Department of Clinical Sciences, JT Vaughn Teaching Hospital, Auburn University, AL, USA.
- Department of Clinical Sciences, JT Vaughn Teaching Hospital, Auburn University, AL, USA. Electronic address: akj0001@auburn.edu.
- Department of Clinical Sciences, JT Vaughn Teaching Hospital, Auburn University, AL, USA.
- Department of Clinical Sciences, JT Vaughn Teaching Hospital, Auburn University, AL, USA.
- Thompson-Bishop-Sparks State Diagnostic Laboratory, Auburn, Alabama, USA.
MeSH Terms
- Animals
- Chlorhexidine / adverse effects
- Endometrium / drug effects
- Female
- Horse Diseases / chemically induced
- Horse Diseases / pathology
- Horses
- Uterine Diseases / chemically induced
Citations
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