Evaluation of delayed hypersensitivity responses in normal horses and immunodeficient foals.
Abstract: Delayed hypersensitivity (DH) responses of normal and immunodeficient horses were evaluated with antigens [dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB), keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH)] and phytolectins [phytohemagglutinin (PHA), concanavalin A (Con A)]. Immunologically normal horses sensitized with 5 daily applications of 2 mg of DNCB developed positive skin reactions upon challenge with 0.4 mg of DNCB. The delayed onset of the reaction and the predominately mononuclear cell infiltration at the test site indicated these were DH reactions. Normal horses sensitized with 500 microgram of KLH and challenged with 100 microgram of KLH developed skin reactions appearing earlier and composed of neutrophils and mononuclear cells, suggesting involvement of both humor and cellular mechanisms. Arabian foals with combined immunodeficiency failed to respond visibly to either antigen. Intradermal injection of 50 microgram of PHA induced visible reactions in all normal horses tested. The slow development and the predominately mononuclear cell infiltrate of PHA reactions resembled DH responses to antigen. Reactions were induced by Con A in 15 of 16 normal adult horses and 7 of 14 normal foals. The reactions were rapid in onset and contained numerous eosinophils. All 6 foals with combined immunodeficiency failed to respond to PHA injection, whereas 5 of 6 did not respond to Con A. Based on the results of these studies, it appears that in vivo skin tests with PHA and DNCB can be used to screen horses for deficient T-lymphocyte responses.
Publication Date: 1978-07-01 PubMed ID: 677535
The Equine Research Bank provides access to a large database of publicly available scientific literature. Inclusion in the Research Bank does not imply endorsement of study methods or findings by Mad Barn.
- Comparative Study
- Journal Article
Summary
This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.
This research article evaluates the delayed hypersensitivity responses in normal horses and foals with combined immunodeficiency using specific antigens and phytolectins. It suggests that skin tests with DNCB and PHA may be useful for screening horses for deficient T-lymphocyte responses.
Overview of the Research
- The study focused on comparing the delayed hypersensitivity (DH) responses of normal horses and those with combined immunodeficiency.
- The DH responses were analyzed using dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB) and keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) antigens, and phytohemagglutinin (PHA) and concanavalin A (Con A) phytolectins
Observations and Findings
- Normal horses that were sensitized with DNCB developed positive skin reactions upon DNCB rechallenge, indicating DH reactions.
- These horses also showed reactions upon being challenged with KLH, with the reaction involving both humor and cellular mechanisms.
- The Arabian foals with combined immunodeficiency did not respond visibly to either antigen, DNCB or KLH.
- PHA induced visible reactions in all normal horses, and reactions were similar to DH responses to the antigen.
- Con A induced reactions in most of the normal adult horses and half of the observed normal foals. These reactions involved numerous eosinophils.
- The foals with combined immunodeficiency failed to respond to PHA and most of them also did not respond to Con A.
Conclusion and Implications
- Based on the study findings, the authors proposed that skin tests with PHA and DNCB can be used to screen horses for deficient T-lymphocyte responses.
- These tests could be useful tools in equine health for diagnosing and managing immunodeficiency conditions.
Cite This Article
APA
Hodgin EC, McGuire TC, Perryman LE, Grant BD.
(1978).
Evaluation of delayed hypersensitivity responses in normal horses and immunodeficient foals.
Am J Vet Res, 39(7), 1161-1167.
Publication
Researcher Affiliations
MeSH Terms
- Animals
- Concanavalin A / pharmacology
- Dinitrochlorobenzene / immunology
- Dysgammaglobulinemia / immunology
- Dysgammaglobulinemia / veterinary
- Hemocyanins / immunology
- Horse Diseases / immunology
- Horses / immunology
- Hypersensitivity, Delayed / immunology
- Hypersensitivity, Delayed / veterinary
- Immunoglobulin M
- Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes / immunology
- Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes / veterinary
- Lectins / pharmacology
- Lymphocyte Activation
- Skin Tests
Citations
This article has been cited 4 times.- Craigo JK, Durkin S, Sturgeon TJ, Tagmyer T, Cook SJ, Issel CJ, Montelaro RC. Immune suppression of challenged vaccinates as a rigorous assessment of sterile protection by lentiviral vaccines. Vaccine 2007 Jan 15;25(5):834-45.
- Jacobs RM, Horney B, Beiner L. Cutaneous response to PHA-M and hematological changes in corticosteroid treated cows. Can J Comp Med 1981 Oct;45(4):384-7.
- Magnuson NS, Perryman LE. In vitro of adenosine on lymphocytes and erythrocytes from horses with combined immunodeficiency. J Clin Invest 1979 Jul;64(1):89-101.
- Fujimiya Y, Perryman LE, Crawford TB. Leukocyte cytotoxicity in a persistent virus infection: presence of direct cytotoxicity but absence of antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity in horses infected with equine infectious anemia virus. Infect Immun 1979 Jun;24(3):628-36.
Use Nutrition Calculator
Check if your horse's diet meets their nutrition requirements with our easy-to-use tool Check your horse's diet with our easy-to-use tool
Talk to a Nutritionist
Discuss your horse's feeding plan with our experts over a free phone consultation Discuss your horse's diet over a phone consultation
Submit Diet Evaluation
Get a customized feeding plan for your horse formulated by our equine nutritionists Get a custom feeding plan formulated by our nutritionists
