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Home / Equine Research Bank / Can J Vet Res / Evaluation of equine papillomas, aural plaques, and sarcoids...
Canadian journal of veterinary research = Revue canadienne de recherche veterinaire2006; 71(1); 28-33;

Evaluation of equine papillomas, aural plaques, and sarcoids for the presence of Equine papillomavirus DNA and Papillomavirus antigen.

Abstract: Immunohistochemical (IHC) testing and electron microscopy have implicated Papillomavirus (PV) as the etiologic agent for equine papillomas and aural plaques, but Equine papillomavirus (EPV) DNA has yet to be demonstrated in these lesions by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The purpose of this study was to evaluate formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues from naturally occurring cases of equine papillomas, aural plaques, and sarcoids for the presence of EPV DNA by means of PCR and for the presence of PV antigen by means of IHC testing. We used EPV-specific primers that amplified a region of 384 base pairs (bp) spanning the E4 and L2 genes of the EPV genome and consensus PV primers that amplified a 102-bp region of the L1 gene. Group-specific PV structural antigens were detected with the use of a streptavidin-biotin-alkaline phosphatase IHC stain. With IHC testing, 23 of 38 papillomas, 4 of 9 aural plaques, and 0 of 10 sarcoids were positive for PV antigen; EPV DNA was found in 20 of the 38 papillomas and 1 of the 10 sarcoids but 0 of the 9 aural plaques. The consensus primers did not amplify novel PV DNA in any of the tissues. Nucleotide sequencing of viral DNA from 7 papillomas amplified with EPV-specific primers revealed DNA fragments that were 96% to 99% identical to known EPV sequences. Some samples had nucleotide substitutions in common, which suggests infection with related strains. Together, EPV DNA or PV antigen (or both) was demonstrated in 26 (68%) of the 38 equine papillomas. Although aural plaques contained PV antigen, they were negative for EPV DNA; therefore, we hypothesize that aural plaques contain a PV distinct from EPV. Papillomavirus E4 L2 L1 (Traduit par Docteur Serge Messier)
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Publication Date: 2006-12-30 PubMed ID: 17193879PubMed Central: PMC1635997
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  • Journal Article
  • Research Support
  • Non-U.S. Gov't

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research highlighted in this abstract is focused on ascertaining the presence of Equine papillomavirus (EPV) DNA and Papillomavirus (PV) antigen in equine papillomas, aural plaques, and sarcoids through polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and immunohistochemical (IHC) testing in horses.

Overview of the Research and its Purpose

  • The research involves using immunohistochemical (IHC) testing to study samples from naturally occurring equine medical conditions – papillomas, aural plaques, and sarcoids – for the presence of PV antigen and EPV DNA.
  • The research also uses polymerase chain reaction (PCR) – a widely used method in molecular biology for making multiple copies of a specific DNA segment – to identify EPV DNA in these tissue samples.

Methods Employed

  • The team used EPV-specific primers (short strands of RNA or DNA) to amplify a section of 384 base pairs (bp) that spans the E4 and L2 genes of the EPV genome.
  • The team also used consensus PV primers to amplify a region of 102 base pairs in the L1 gene.
  • A streptavidin-biotin-alkaline phosphatase IHC stain was used to detect group-specific PV structural antigens.

Results of the Research

  • Through IHC testing, PV antigen was detected in 23 out of 38 papillomas, 4 out of 9 aural plaques, and none of the 10 studied sarcoids.
  • EPV DNA was discovered in 20 out of the 38 papillomas and 1 out of the 10 sarcoids, but none of the aural plaques.
  • The consensus primers did not result in amplification of novel PV DNA in any of the tissues.
  • When DNA fragments from 7 papillomas were sequenced using EPV-specific primers, the sequences were found to be 96% to 99% identical to known EPV sequences. This suggests that related strains of the virus might be causing the infection.

Conclusion and Hypotheses

  • Either EPV DNA or PV antigen was identified in 26 (68%) of the 38 equine papillomas tested. This would imply a significant presence of these factors in such conditions.
  • Aural plaques held PV antigen but were negative for EPV DNA. This leads to the hypothesis that a PV type different from EPV may be present in aural plaques.

Cite This Article

APA
Postey RC, Appleyard GD, Kidney BA. (2006). Evaluation of equine papillomas, aural plaques, and sarcoids for the presence of Equine papillomavirus DNA and Papillomavirus antigen. Can J Vet Res, 71(1), 28-33.

Publication

Canadian journal of veterinary research = Revue canadienne de recherche veterinaire
ISSN: 0830-9000
NlmUniqueID: 8607793
Country: Canada
Language: English
Volume: 71
Issue: 1
Pages: 28-33

Researcher Affiliations

Postey, Rosemary C
  • Department of Veterinary Pathology, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 52 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5B4.
Appleyard, Greg D
    Kidney, Beverly A

      MeSH Terms

      • Animals
      • Antigens, Viral / analysis
      • DNA, Viral / isolation & purification
      • Horse Diseases / virology
      • Horses
      • Immunohistochemistry / methods
      • Immunohistochemistry / veterinary
      • Papilloma / veterinary
      • Papilloma / virology
      • Papillomaviridae / isolation & purification
      • Polymerase Chain Reaction / veterinary
      • Skin Neoplasms / veterinary
      • Skin Neoplasms / virology

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      Citations

      This article has been cited 5 times.
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      5. Al-Hammadi MA. First report on equine papillomavirus type 1 in Arabian horses in Saudi Arabia: Clinical, histopathological, and molecular characterization. Open Vet J 2025 Apr;15(4):1798-1802.
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