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Veterinary research communications2024; 48(4); 2343-2355; doi: 10.1007/s11259-024-10415-y

Evaluation of gastrointestinal tract lesions and serum malondialdehyde levels after repeated oral administration of phenylbutazone in horses.

Abstract: Phenylbutazone (PBZ) is a widely used nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug for horses. However, because of its gastrointestinal side effects, its administration requires careful attention in veterinary practice. Malondialdehyde (MDA) is a serum biomarker associated with increased damage to the equine gastrointestinal system. This study investigated the hematological effects and alterations in the gastrointestinal tract and assessed serum MDA concentrations following repeated oral PBZ administration at clinical doses. Fourteen horses were randomly divided into control and treatment groups. All horses in the treatment group were administered 4.4 milligrams per kilogram of body weight of PBZ syrup orally twice a day for 7 days, whereas the control group received syrup as a placebo. The development of gastrointestinal side effects was investigated using gastroscopy, abdominal ultrasound, and fecal pH; serum MDA concentrations were assessed using a commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit. Data were compared between PBZ-treated and control horses before and after the treatment period. The treatment group exhibited decreased albumin and total protein concentrations. Moreover, this group exhibited a higher thickness of the right dorsal colon wall (p = 0.03) and had higher scores for squamous gastric ulcers (p = 0.01). Fecal pH was lower in the treatment group than in the control group after PBZ administration (p < 0.01). Although MDA concentrations were higher in the treatment group after PBZ administration, they did not differ significantly from those of the control group. This study highlighted the changes in hematological and gastrointestinal lesions resulting from PBZ administration in horses at clinical doses, even without clinical signs. However, MDA may not be an optimal biomarker for the early detection of gastrointestinal damage due to PBZ treatment in horses.
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Publication Date: 2024-05-21 PubMed ID: 38771448PubMed Central: PMC11315746DOI: 10.1007/s11259-024-10415-yGoogle Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This study gauged the impact of phenylbutazone, an anti-inflammatory medication, on the digestive system in horses. Results indicate significant physiological changes as a result of the drug, including decreasing protein levels and increasing the risk of gastric ulcers, but suggested that malondialdehyde may not be effective for early detection of gastrointestinal damage.

Objective and Methodology

  • The objective of the study was to evaluate the effects of phenylbutazone, a common anti-inflammatory medication used in horses, on the horse’s gastrointestinal system. The research also sought to establish the efficacy of malondialdehyde as a serum biomarker in detecting damage caused by the use of phenylbutazone.
  • The study involved fourteen horses which were divided randomly into two groups – a control group and a treatment group. The treatment group received phenylbutazone for seven days, whereas the control group was administered a placebo.
  • The team used gastroscopy, abdominal ultrasound, and fecal pH tests to investigate potential gastrointestinal side effects. The researchers also used an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit to measure serum malondialdehyde concentrations.
  • The scientists compared the data from the treatment group and the control group, both prior to and after the treatment phase.

Results and Findings

  • The research revealed that the administration of phenylbutazone resulted in an observable decrease in total protein and albumin levels in horses.
  • There were marked changes in the gastrointestinal system after the administration of PBZ. The digestive tract showed a higher thickness of the right dorsal colon wall, while there were higher scores for squamous gastric ulcers.
  • Notably, the treatment group also displayed lower fecal pH levels when compared to the control group after Phenylbutazone administration.
  • While, malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations were elevated in the treatment group following Phenylbutazone administration, they did not significantly deviate from those in the control group. This outcome indicates that malondialdehyde might not be an ideal biomarker when it comes to identification of early gastrointestinal damage due to Phenylbutazone treatment in horses.

Conclusion

  • The study effectively demonstrated that Phenylbutazone administration resulted in notable physiological changes and observable damage to the gastrointestinal system of the horses, even without obvious clinical symptoms.
  • However, the study suggested that malondialdehyde concentrations may not be a reliable method for the early detection of such damage.

Cite This Article

APA
Tesena P, Vinijkumthorn R, Preuksathaporn T, Piyakul P, Chotikaprakal T, Sirireugwipas R, Wong-Aree K, Prapaiwan N. (2024). Evaluation of gastrointestinal tract lesions and serum malondialdehyde levels after repeated oral administration of phenylbutazone in horses. Vet Res Commun, 48(4), 2343-2355. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11259-024-10415-y

Publication

Veterinary research communications
ISSN: 1573-7446
NlmUniqueID: 8100520
Country: Switzerland
Language: English
Volume: 48
Issue: 4
Pages: 2343-2355

Researcher Affiliations

Tesena, Parichart
  • Department of Clinical Sciences and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, 73170, Thailand.
Vinijkumthorn, Ruethaiwan
  • Department of Clinical Sciences and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, 73170, Thailand.
Preuksathaporn, Titirat
  • Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, 73170, Thailand.
Piyakul, Poonnada
  • Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, 73170, Thailand.
Chotikaprakal, Thanapon
  • Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, 73170, Thailand.
Sirireugwipas, Rannaree
  • Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, 73170, Thailand.
Wong-Aree, Kanokpich
  • Veterinary and Remount Department, Royal Thai Army Animal Hospital, Nakhon Pathom, 73000, Thailand.
Prapaiwan, Nawarus
  • Department of Clinical Sciences and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, 73170, Thailand. nawarus.pra@mahidol.edu.

MeSH Terms

  • Animals
  • Horses
  • Phenylbutazone / administration & dosage
  • Phenylbutazone / adverse effects
  • Malondialdehyde / blood
  • Horse Diseases / chemically induced
  • Horse Diseases / drug therapy
  • Horse Diseases / blood
  • Administration, Oral
  • Male
  • Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / administration & dosage
  • Female
  • Gastrointestinal Diseases / veterinary
  • Gastrointestinal Diseases / chemically induced
  • Gastrointestinal Diseases / blood
  • Gastrointestinal Tract / drug effects

Conflict of Interest Statement

The authors declare no competing interests.

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