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Medical treatment of osteoarthritis in the horse – a review.
Abstract: The medical treatment of osteoarthritis (OA) in the horse is one of the most utilized therapeutic regimens in the equine practice. It is important to understand the anatomy of synovial joints and the pathophysiology of the disease process to treat OA adequately. Once a thorough understanding of the disease process is comprehended the proper combination of systemic nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), intraarticular steroids, viscosupplementation and chondroprotectants can be used to treat the disease and inhibit further progression of degenerative changes to the cartilage surface. The equine practitioner is faced with many choices for controlling inflammation in OA. This review presents the background and appropriate uses of various NSAIDs such as phenylbutazone, flunixin meglumine, ketoprofen, naproxen, and carprofen as well as their associated toxicities. Various steroid formulations exist for intraarticular (IA) administration and much has been learned in the past decade regarding correct dosage, frequency of administrations, indications and toxicity. This review presents IA steroids and their indications in addition to various chondroprotective drugs that also exist to control inflammation and provide viscosupplementation. Data are also given on disease modifying OA drugs such as glucosamine and chondroitin sulphate that have more recently become available to the equine practitioner.
Publication Date: 2006-01-24 PubMed ID: 16427582DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2004.07.008Google Scholar: Lookup The Equine Research Bank provides access to a large database of publicly available scientific literature. Inclusion in the Research Bank does not imply endorsement of study methods or findings by Mad Barn.
- Journal Article
- Review
Summary
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This research article discusses the various methods of treating osteoarthritis (OA) in horses, including the use of intraarticular steroids, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), chondroprotective drugs, and disease-modifying drugs such as glucosamine and chondroitin sulphate.
Understanding Osteoarthritis in Horses
- The study emphasizes the importance of comprehensive understanding of the anatomy of synovial joints, which are most commonly affected by OA, and the ways in which the disease progresses. This understanding lays the foundation for choosing the right treatments.
- Osteoarthritis is a degenerative disease involving the joints and is typically characterized by inflammation and progressive wearing away of the cartilage surface. Degenerative changes take place over time and timely treatment can help in preventing any further progression.
Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs)
- The research highlights the use of systemic NSAIDs as a treatment option. These medications help control inflammation and reduce joint pain.
- The article examines different NSAIDs such as phenylbutazone, flunixin meglumine, ketoprofen, naproxen, and carprofen, discussing their efficacy and the potential toxicities associated with each.
Intraarticular Steroids
- Intraarticular steroids are drugs that are directly injected into the joint affected by OA to help reduce inflammation and improve joint function.
- The article reviews various steroid formulations, analyzing their appropriate dosing, administration frequency, and specific indications and potential toxicities.
Chondroprotective Drugs and Viscosupplementation
- Chondroprotective drugs are highlighted as an integral part of OA treatment. These medications help protect the cartilage from further damage and encourage the production of synovial fluid to improve joint flexibility.
- Viscosupplementation – the injection of a gel-like substance into a joint to supplement the viscous properties of the natural joint fluid – is explored as a treatment option.
Disease-Modifying Osteoarthritis Drugs
- The paper also provides an overview on disease-modifying OA drugs like glucosamine and chondroitin sulphate, which have recently become more readily available to equine practitioners. These medications not only help control symptoms but also slow down the progression of the disease.
Cite This Article
APA
Goodrich LR, Nixon AJ.
(2006).
Medical treatment of osteoarthritis in the horse – a review.
Vet J, 171(1), 51-69.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tvjl.2004.07.008 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-6401, USA. lrg7@cornell.edu
MeSH Terms
- Animals
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / administration & dosage
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / adverse effects
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / therapeutic use
- Cartilage, Articular / drug effects
- Cartilage, Articular / pathology
- Glucosamine / therapeutic use
- Horse Diseases / drug therapy
- Horse Diseases / pathology
- Horses
- Injections, Intra-Articular / veterinary
- Joint Diseases / drug therapy
- Joint Diseases / pathology
- Joint Diseases / veterinary
- Osteoarthritis / drug therapy
- Osteoarthritis / pathology
- Osteoarthritis / veterinary
- Steroids / administration & dosage
- Steroids / adverse effects
- Steroids / therapeutic use
- Treatment Outcome
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