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Home / Equine Research Bank / Virology / Evaluation of high functional avidity CTL to Gag epitope clu...
Virology2005; 342(2); 228-239; doi: 10.1016/j.virol.2005.07.033

Evaluation of high functional avidity CTL to Gag epitope clusters in EIAV carrier horses.

Abstract: Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) are critical for lentivirus control including EIAV. Since CTL from most EIAV carrier horses recognize Gag epitope clusters (EC), the hypothesis that carrier horses would have high functional avidity CTL to optimal epitopes in Gag EC was tested. Twenty-two optimal EC epitopes were identified; two in EC1, six in EC2, and seven each in EC3 and 4. However, only five of nine horses had high functional avidity CTL (<or=11 nM) recognizing six epitopes in EC; four in relatively conserved EC3; and one each in EC1 and 2. Horses with high functional avidity CTL had significantly more days since the last clinical episode than horses with low avidity CTL, and this was not explained by analyzing duration of infection. Furthermore, there was a significant inverse correlation between the CTL functional avidity of the nine horses and the days since the last clinical episode. Gag CTL epitope escape variants were found in three horses, but only one of these was recognized by high functional avidity CTL. Thus, not all carrier horses had high functional avidity CTL to Gag EC, but those that did had longer periods without disease episodes.
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Publication Date: 2005-09-01 PubMed ID: 16139857PubMed Central: PMC3348724DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2005.07.033Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research investigates how strong the reaction of certain immune cells (CTL) is to a type of virus (EIAV) in carrier horses. The researchers found that horses with a higher intensity immune response had fewer disease episodes.

Objective and Hypothesis

  • The goal of this research was to test the theory that carrier horses (horses carrying the EIAV lentivirus but not showing symptoms) would have high functional avidity Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL). High functional avidity CTL means these immune cells have a strong and effective reaction to certain “epitope clusters” (EC), sections of the virus that the immune system interacts with. In simpler terms, they wanted to see if horses that carry EIAV, but don’t get sick, have stronger immune responses to major parts of the virus (Gag epitope clusters).

Methods and Findings

  • 22 optimal EC epitopes were identified in the virus.
  • Out of nine horses, only five had high functional avidity CTL.
  • The five horses with a stronger immune reaction had significantly more days since their last disease episode, and this wasn’t reflected by their length of infection.
  • Their research revealed a significant inverse correlation between CTL functional avidity and the days since the last disease episode.
  • Virus variants that the CTLs couldn’t identify (epitope escape variants) were found in three horses, but only one was recognized by high functional avidity CTL.

Conclusion

  • The research concludes that not all carrier horses have high functional avidity CTLs. However, the horses that do have them experience longer periods without disease episodes.
  • Therefore, a high avidity response does seem to contribute to longer periods without disease episodes, but it does not totally prevent disease.
  • This finding provides valuable insights into understanding why some infected horses manage to live without evident disease, which could help design more accurate and effective treatments against EIAV.

Cite This Article

APA
Chung C, Mealey RH, McGuire TC. (2005). Evaluation of high functional avidity CTL to Gag epitope clusters in EIAV carrier horses. Virology, 342(2), 228-239. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.virol.2005.07.033

Publication

Virology
ISSN: 0042-6822
NlmUniqueID: 0110674
Country: United States
Language: English
Volume: 342
Issue: 2
Pages: 228-239

Researcher Affiliations

Chung, Chungwon
  • Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99165-7040, USA.
Mealey, Robert H
    McGuire, Travis C

      MeSH Terms

      • Amino Acid Sequence
      • Animals
      • Capsid Proteins / chemistry
      • Capsid Proteins / immunology
      • Carrier State
      • Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte / immunology
      • Equine Infectious Anemia / immunology
      • Gene Products, gag / genetics
      • Gene Products, gag / immunology
      • Horses
      • Infectious Anemia Virus, Equine / immunology
      • Molecular Sequence Data
      • Sequence Alignment
      • T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic / immunology
      • Viral Matrix Proteins / chemistry
      • Viral Matrix Proteins / immunology

      Grant Funding

      • K08 AI001575 / NIAID NIH HHS
      • AI01575 / NIAID NIH HHS
      • AI24291 / NIAID NIH HHS
      • AI47660 / NIAID NIH HHS

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      Citations

      This article has been cited 7 times.
      1. Liu C, Cook SJ, Craigo JK, Cook FR, Issel CJ, Montelaro RC, Horohov DW. Epitope shifting of gp90-specific cellular immune responses in EIAV-infected ponies.. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2014 Oct 15;161(3-4):161-9.
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      2. Taylor SD, Leib SR, Carpenter S, Mealey RH. Selection of a rare neutralization-resistant variant following passive transfer of convalescent immune plasma in equine infectious anemia virus-challenged SCID horses.. J Virol 2010 Jul;84(13):6536-48.
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      5. Mealey RH, Littke MH, Leib SR, Davis WC, McGuire TC. Failure of low-dose recombinant human IL-2 to support the survival of virus-specific CTL clones infused into severe combined immunodeficient foals: lack of correlation between in vitro activity and in vivo efficacy.. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2008 Jan 15;121(1-2):8-22.
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      7. Mealey RH, Lee JH, Leib SR, Littke MH, McGuire TC. A single amino acid difference within the alpha-2 domain of two naturally occurring equine MHC class I molecules alters the recognition of Gag and Rev epitopes by equine infectious anemia virus-specific CTL.. J Immunol 2006 Nov 15;177(10):7377-90.
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