Evaluation of the clinical efficacy of two partial intravenous anesthetic protocols, compared with isoflurane alone, to maintain general anesthesia in horses.
Abstract: To compare the ability of 2 partial IV anesthesia (PIVA) techniques to maintain anesthesia, compared with isoflurane alone, in horses. Methods: 45 horses. Methods: Client-owned horses requiring general anesthesia for a variety of procedures of at least 1 hour's duration were randomly allocated to 3 groups (n = 15/group) that differed for the maintenance protocol. Anesthesia was maintained with isoflurane with a starting end-tidal isoflurane concentration of 1.3% (isoflurane group) or a concentration of 1% supplemented with an adjustable continuous infusion of guaifenesin-ketamine (IGK group) or romifidine-ketamine (IRK group). A predefined scoring system was used to assess anesthetic depth and to adjust anesthetic delivery. The need for rescue anesthetics and recovery quality were compared. Results: A mean ± SD end-tidal isoflurane concentration of 1.36 ± 0.16% was necessary to maintain a surgical plane of anesthesia in the isoflurane group. Mean infusion rates of 5.0 ± 1.3 μL/kg/min and 5.1 ± 0.8 μL/kg/min were necessary to maintain a surgical plane of anesthesia in the IRK and IGK groups, respectively. A lower need for ketamine as a rescue anesthetic was observed in the IGK group, compared with the isoflurane group. Higher blood pressure and lower heart rates were found at selected time points for the IRK group, compared with the IGK and isoflurane groups. Conclusions: Both PIVA protocols were satisfactory to maintain smooth and stable surgical anesthesia in horses. The present study supports previous findings in which PIVA has isoflurane-sparing effects. Furthermore, PIVA did not impair recovery quality.
Publication Date: 2012-06-29 PubMed ID: 22738046DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.73.7.959Google Scholar: Lookup
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- Comparative Study
- Journal Article
- Randomized Controlled Trial
Summary
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This research study compares the effectiveness of two methods of partial intravenous anesthesia (PIVA) with isoflurane alone for maintaining general anesthesia in horses undergoing operations. It concludes that both PIVA protocols, with guaifenesin-ketamine (IGK) and romifidine-ketamine (IRK) respectively, are as effective as isoflurane alone for maintaining surgical anesthesia and don’t affect recovery quality negatively.
Research Methodology
- The study involved 45 client-owned horses that were going to undergo surgery.
- These horses were randomly divided into three groups, each with 15 horses.
- In the first group, anesthesia was maintained with only isoflurane, with a starting end-tidal isoflurane concentration of 1.3%.
- In the second group (IGK), anesthesia was maintained with isoflurane at a reduced concentration of 1%, supplemented by an adjustable continuous infusion of guaifenesin and ketamine.
- The third group (IRK) followed the same protocol as the IGK group, but romifidine was used instead of guaifenesin.
- A predefined scoring system was utilized to assess anesthetic depth and to adjust anesthetic delivery.
- The teams also compared the need for rescue anesthetics and the quality of the recovery period.
Results
- The mean end-tidal isoflurane concentration required for maintaining surgical anesthesia was 1.36 ± 0.16% in the isoflurane-only group.
- For the IRK and IGK groups, mean infusion rates of 5.0 ± 1.3 μL/kg/min and 5.1 ± 0.8 μL/kg/min respectively, were needed.
- It was observed that the IGK group required less ketamine as a rescue anesthetic, as compared to the isoflurane group.
- The IRK group displayed higher blood pressure and slower heart rates at selected time intervals compared to the IGK and isoflurane groups.
Conclusions
- The study concluded that both PIVA protocols could maintain stable and suitable surgical anesthesia in horses.
- The research supported previous findings which suggested PIVA has isoflurane-sparing effects, meaning less isoflurane is needed when using PIVA protocols.
- Importantly, the use of PIVA methods did not negatively impact the recovery quality.
Cite This Article
APA
Nannarone S, Spadavecchia C.
(2012).
Evaluation of the clinical efficacy of two partial intravenous anesthetic protocols, compared with isoflurane alone, to maintain general anesthesia in horses.
Am J Vet Res, 73(7), 959-967.
https://doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.73.7.959 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Department of Pathology, Diagnostic and Veterinary Clinic, Section of Surgery and Radiodiagnostic, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, University of Perugia, 06126, Perugia, Italy. sara.nannarone@unipg.it
MeSH Terms
- Anesthesia, General / methods
- Anesthesia, General / veterinary
- Animals
- Blood Gas Analysis / veterinary
- Blood Pressure / drug effects
- Electrocardiography / veterinary
- Female
- Guaifenesin / administration & dosage
- Heart Rate / drug effects
- Horses / blood
- Horses / physiology
- Horses / surgery
- Imidazoles / administration & dosage
- Infusions, Intravenous / veterinary
- Isoflurane / administration & dosage
- Ketamine / administration & dosage
- Male
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