Evaluation of the efficacy of gallium maltolate for chemoprophylaxis against pneumonia caused by Rhodococcus equi infection in foals.
Abstract: To determine the chemoprophylactic effect of gallium maltolate on the cumulative incidence of pneumonia caused by Rhodococcus equi infection in foals. Methods: 483 foals born and raised on 12 equine breeding farms with a history of endemic R equi infections. Methods: Group 1 foals were treated with a placebo and group 2 foals were treated with gallium maltolate (approx 30 mg/kg, PO, q 24 h) during the first 2 weeks after birth. Foals were monitored for development of pneumonia attributable to R equi infection and for adverse effects of gallium maltolate. Results: There were no significant differences in the cumulative incidence of R equi pneumonia among the 2 groups. Conclusions: Chemoprophylaxis via gallium maltolate administered orally at approximately 30 mg/kg daily for the first 2 weeks after birth failed to reduce the cumulative incidence of pneumonia attributable to R equi infection among foals on breeding farms with endemic R equi infections. Further investigation is needed to identify strategies for control of R equi infections.
Publication Date: 2011-07-07 PubMed ID: 21728856DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.72.7.945Google Scholar: Lookup
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- Journal Article
- Research Support
- Non-U.S. Gov't
Summary
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The study evaluates the effects of gallium maltolate treatment in preventing pneumonia caused by Rhodococcus equi infection in foals and does not find significant evidence supporting its efficacy in reducing pneumonia incidence.
Introduction and Methods
- The research aimed to understand the chemoprophylactic (preventive) efficacy of gallium maltolate, a chemical compound, against pneumonia caused by Rhodococcus equi infection in foals.
- The study involved 483 foals which were born and raised on 12 equine breeding farms that had a known history of endemic Rhodococcus equi (R. equi) infections.
- The foals were divided into two groups. Group 1 foals were the control group and were given a placebo, while group 2 foals were the experimental group and were administered gallium maltolate orally.
- The administered dosage of gallium maltolate was around 30 mg/kg, given every 24 hours in the first 2 weeks after birth.
Monitoring and Results
- After the administration of gallium maltolate, the foals were observed closely for the development of pneumonia attributable to R. equi infection and for any adverse effects of the gallium maltolate treatment.
- The study, however, did not find any significant differences between the two groups in the cumulative incidence of R. equi pneumonia.
Conclusion
- Chemoprophylaxis treatment using gallium maltolate administered orally to foals at approximately 30 mg/kg daily for the first 2 weeks after their birth was not found to be effective in reducing the incidence of pneumonia caused by R. equi infection.
- The study observed this trend among foals on breeding farms that had a known history of endemic R. equi infections.
- This led to the conclusion that further research is necessary to identify effective strategies for controlling R. equi infections in these circumstances.
Cite This Article
APA
Chaffin MK, Cohen ND, Martens RJ, O'Conor M, Bernstein LR.
(2011).
Evaluation of the efficacy of gallium maltolate for chemoprophylaxis against pneumonia caused by Rhodococcus equi infection in foals.
Am J Vet Res, 72(7), 945-957.
https://doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.72.7.945 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Equine Infectious Disease Laboratory, Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA. kchaffin@cvm.tamu.edu
MeSH Terms
- Actinomycetales Infections / epidemiology
- Actinomycetales Infections / prevention & control
- Actinomycetales Infections / veterinary
- Animals
- Anti-Bacterial Agents / therapeutic use
- Antibiotic Prophylaxis / veterinary
- Female
- Horse Diseases / epidemiology
- Horse Diseases / prevention & control
- Horses / microbiology
- Male
- Organometallic Compounds / therapeutic use
- Pneumonia, Bacterial / epidemiology
- Pneumonia, Bacterial / prevention & control
- Pneumonia, Bacterial / veterinary
- Pyrones / therapeutic use
- Rhodococcus equi / drug effects
- Rhodococcus equi / physiology
Citations
This article has been cited 9 times.- Nielsen SS, Bicout DJ, Calistri P, Canali E, Drewe JA, Garin-Bastuji B, Gonzales Rojas JL, Gortázar C, Herskin M, Michel V, Miranda Chueca MÁ, Padalino B, Pasquali P, Roberts HC, Spoolder H, Ståhl K, Velarde A, Viltrop A, Winckler C, Baldinelli F, Broglia A, Kohnle L, Alvarez J. Assessment of listing and categorisation of animal diseases within the framework of the Animal Health Law (Regulation (EU) No 2016/429): antimicrobial-resistant Rhodococcus equi in horses.. EFSA J 2022 Feb;20(2):e07081.
- Kahn SK, Cywes-Bentley C, Blodgett GP, Canaday NM, Turner-Garcia CE, Flores-Ahlschwede P, Metcalfe LL, Nevill M, Vinacur M, Sutter PJ, Meyer SC, Bordin AI, Pier GB, Cohen ND. Randomized, controlled trial comparing Rhodococcus equi and poly-N-acetyl glucosamine hyperimmune plasma to prevent R equi pneumonia in foals.. J Vet Intern Med 2021 Nov;35(6):2912-2919.
- Kahn SK, Cywes-Bentley C, Blodgett GP, Canaday NM, Turner-Garcia CE, Vinacur M, Cortez-Ramirez SC, Sutter PJ, Meyer SC, Bordin AI, Vlock DR, Pier GB, Cohen ND. Antibody activities in hyperimmune plasma against the Rhodococcus equi virulence -associated protein A or poly-N-acetyl glucosamine are associated with protection of foals against rhodococcal pneumonia.. PLoS One 2021;16(8):e0250133.
- Lawless SP, Cohen ND, Lawhon SD, Chamoun-Emanuelli AM, Wu J, Rivera-Vélez A, Weeks BR, Whitfield-Cargile CM. Effect of gallium maltolate on a model of chronic, infected equine distal limb wounds.. PLoS One 2020;15(6):e0235006.
- Aslam MW, Lau SF, Chin CSL, Ahmad NI, Rahman NA, Kuppusamy K, Omar S, Radzi R. Clinicopathological and radiographic features in 40 cats diagnosed with pulmonary and cutaneous Rhodococcus equi infection (2012-2018).. J Feline Med Surg 2020 Aug;22(8):774-790.
- Rocha JN, Dangott LJ, Mwangi W, Alaniz RC, Bordin AI, Cywes-Bentley C, Lawhon SD, Pillai SD, Bray JM, Pier GB, Cohen ND. PNAG-specific equine IgG(1) mediates significantly greater opsonization and killing of Prescottella equi (formerly Rhodococcus equi) than does IgG(4/7).. Vaccine 2019 Feb 21;37(9):1142-1150.
- Willingham-Lane JM, Berghaus LJ, Berghaus RD, Hart KA, Giguère S. Effect of Macrolide and Rifampin Resistance on the Fitness of Rhodococcus equi.. Appl Environ Microbiol 2019 Apr 1;85(7).
- Giguère S, Berghaus LJ, Miller CD. Clinical Assessment of a Point-of-Care Serum Amyloid A Assay in Foals with Bronchopneumonia.. J Vet Intern Med 2016 Jul;30(4):1338-43.
- McQueen CM, Dindot SV, Foster MJ, Cohen ND. Genetic Susceptibility to Rhodococcus equi.. J Vet Intern Med 2015 Nov-Dec;29(6):1648-59.
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