Evaluation of the efficacy provided by a Recombinant Canarypox-Vectored Equine West Nile Virus vaccine against an experimental West Nile Virus intrathecal challenge in horses.
Abstract: Efficacy of the Recombitek Equine West Nile Virus (WNV) vaccine was evaluated against a WNV intrathecal challenge model that results in WNV-induced clinical disease. Ten vaccinated (twice at days 0 and 35) and 10 control horses were challenged 2 weeks after administration of the second vaccine with a virulent WNV by intrathecal administration. After the challenge, eight of 10 controls developed clinical signs of encephalomyelitis whereas one vaccinate exhibited muscle fasciculation only once. Nine controls and one vaccinate developed a fever. Histopathology revealed mild to moderate nonsuppurative encephalitis in eight controls and one vaccinate. None of the vaccinates and all of the controls developed WNV viremia after challenge. All vaccinated horses developed antibodies to WNV after vaccination. These and results of previous studies demonstrate efficacy of the Recombitek WNV vaccine against WNV-induced clinical disease and natural challenge with WNV-infected mosquitoes.
Publication Date: 2006-10-14 PubMed ID: 17039448
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- Evaluation Study
- Journal Article
- Research Support
- Non-U.S. Gov't
Summary
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The research assesses the effectiveness of Recombitek Equine West Nile Virus (WNV) vaccine in protecting horses from an intentionally induced West Nile Virus infection. The vaccine was found to perform effectively, with vaccinated horses showing resistance to the virus compared to unvaccinated horses.
Introduction to the Study
- The study set out to evaluate if the Recombitek Equine West Nile Virus (WNV) vaccine could protect horses from a severe infection of West Nile Virus.
- Two groups of horses were used, one vaccinated with Recombitek WNV and the other serving as controls (unvaccinated).
Procedure and Results
- Vaccinated horses were given two doses of the Recombitek WNV vaccine, administered 35 days apart.
- Two weeks after the administration of the second vaccine, both groups of horses were challenged with a virulent WNV by intrathecal administration. This means that the virus was injected directly into the spinal cord, causing severe forms of the disease.
- After the challenge, eight out of ten control horses (that had not been vaccinated) developed clinical signs of encephalomyelitis – inflammation of the brain and spinal cord. Furthermore, nine control horses developed fever along with nonsuppurative encephalitis, a type of brain inflammation not accompanied by pus, when examined through histopathology.
- In the vaccinated group, only one horse exhibited muscle fasciculation (twitching) once, and another one developed a fever. Additionally, only one vaccinated horse was found to have mild to moderate brain inflammation through histopathology.
- All control horses developed WNV viremia – presence of the virus in the blood – after the virus challenge. In contrast, none of the vaccinated horses showed signs of viremia, indicating that the vaccine effectively prevented the virus from invading their bloodstream.
Conclusion
- All vaccinated horses developed antibodies to WNV after vaccination, confirming an effective immune response triggered by the vaccine.
- The results of this study, along with previous research, confirm the effectiveness of the Recombitek WNV vaccine in protecting against WNV-induced disease and natural infection via WNV-infected mosquitoes.
Cite This Article
APA
Siger L, Bowen R, Karaca K, Murray M, Jagannatha S, Echols B, Nordgren R, Minke JM.
(2006).
Evaluation of the efficacy provided by a Recombinant Canarypox-Vectored Equine West Nile Virus vaccine against an experimental West Nile Virus intrathecal challenge in horses.
Vet Ther, 7(3), 249-256.
Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Merial Limited, 115 Transtech Drive, Athens, GA 30601, USA.
MeSH Terms
- Animals
- Antibodies, Viral / biosynthesis
- Antibodies, Viral / blood
- Canarypox virus / immunology
- Culicidae / virology
- Female
- Horse Diseases / prevention & control
- Horses
- Male
- Random Allocation
- Treatment Outcome
- Viremia / veterinary
- West Nile Fever / prevention & control
- West Nile Fever / veterinary
- West Nile Virus Vaccines / immunology
- West Nile virus / immunology
- West Nile virus / pathogenicity
Citations
This article has been cited 13 times.- Desanti-Consoli H, Bouillon J, Chapuis RJJ. Equids' Core Vaccines Guidelines in North America: Considerations and Prospective.. Vaccines (Basel) 2022 Mar 4;10(3).
- Nebbak A, Monteil-Bouchard S, Berenger JM, Almeras L, Parola P, Desnues C. Virome Diversity among Mosquito Populations in a Sub-Urban Region of Marseille, France.. Viruses 2021 Apr 27;13(5).
- Bertram FM, Thompson PN, Venter M. Epidemiology and Clinical Presentation of West Nile Virus Infection in Horses in South Africa, 2016-2017.. Pathogens 2020 Dec 30;10(1).
- Byas AD, Ebel GD. Comparative Pathology of West Nile Virus in Humans and Non-Human Animals.. Pathogens 2020 Jan 7;9(1).
- Rebollo B, Sarraseca J, Lecollinet S, Abouchoaib N, Alonso J, García-Bocanegra I, Sanz AJ, Venteo Á, Jiménez-Clavero MA. Monitoring Anti-NS1 Antibodies in West Nile Virus-Infected and Vaccinated Horses.. Biomed Res Int 2018;2018:8309816.
- Taylor TJ, Diaz F, Colgrove RC, Bernard KA, DeLuca NA, Whelan SPJ, Knipe DM. Production of immunogenic West Nile virus-like particles using a herpes simplex virus 1 recombinant vector.. Virology 2016 Sep;496:186-193.
- Angenvoort J, Brault AC, Bowen RA, Groschup MH. West Nile viral infection of equids.. Vet Microbiol 2013 Nov 29;167(1-2):168-80.
- Iyer AV, Kousoulas KG. A review of vaccine approaches for West Nile virus.. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2013 Sep 10;10(9):4200-23.
- Wheeler SS, Langevin S, Woods L, Carroll BD, Vickers W, Morrison SA, Chang GJ, Reisen WK, Boyce WM. Efficacy of three vaccines in protecting Western Scrub-Jays (Aphelocoma californica) from experimental infection with West Nile virus: implications for vaccination of Island Scrub-Jays (Aphelocoma insularis).. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 2011 Aug;11(8):1069-80.
- Iyer AV, Pahar B, Boudreaux MJ, Wakamatsu N, Roy AF, Chouljenko VN, Baghian A, Apetrei C, Marx PA, Kousoulas KG. Recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus-based west Nile vaccine elicits strong humoral and cellular immune responses and protects mice against lethal challenge with the virulent west Nile virus strain LSU-AR01.. Vaccine 2009 Feb 5;27(6):893-903.
- Brun A, Albina E, Barret T, Chapman DA, Czub M, Dixon LK, Keil GM, Klonjkowski B, Le Potier MF, Libeau G, Ortego J, Richardson J, Takamatsu HH. Antigen delivery systems for veterinary vaccine development. Viral-vector based delivery systems.. Vaccine 2008 Dec 2;26(51):6508-28.
- Seino KK, Long MT, Gibbs EP, Bowen RA, Beachboard SE, Humphrey PP, Dixon MA, Bourgeois MA. Comparative efficacies of three commercially available vaccines against West Nile Virus (WNV) in a short-duration challenge trial involving an equine WNV encephalitis model.. Clin Vaccine Immunol 2007 Nov;14(11):1465-71.
- Schepp-Berglind J, Luo M, Wang D, Wicker JA, Raja NU, Hoel BD, Holman DH, Barrett AD, Dong JY. Complex adenovirus-mediated expression of West Nile virus C, PreM, E, and NS1 proteins induces both humoral and cellular immune responses.. Clin Vaccine Immunol 2007 Sep;14(9):1117-26.
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