Evaluation of the genes encoding CD39/NTPDase-1 and CD39L1/NTPDase-2 in horses with and without abnormal hemorrhage and in horses with pathologic evidence of exercise-induced pulmonary hemorrhage.
Abstract: Exercise-induced pulmonary hemorrhage (EIPH) is a common disorder of equine athletes. The role of polymorphisms in genes encoding hemostasis-regulatory proteins in horses with abnormal hemorrhage is unknown. Objective: The goal of this study was to evaluate the genes encoding 2 ectonucleotidases, CD39/NTPDase-1 and CD39L1/NTPDase-2, and one ecto-5' nucleotidase, CD73, in horses with abnormal hemorrhage or pathologic changes consistent with EIPH. Methods: Twenty-three horses with histories of abnormal hemorrhage, 8 horses with gastrointestinal signs, and 45 healthy horses were evaluated using polymerase chain reaction-based techniques. Formalin-fixed tissues from 21 horses with pathologic changes consistent with EIPH were also evaluated. Results: Three single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were identified in the gene encoding CD39 and one SNP was identified in the gene encoding CD39L1. No SNPs were identified in the gene encoding CD73. CD39 SNPs were identified in 19 of 20 (95%) horses with unexplained hemorrhage and 20 of 21 (95%) horses with pathologic features consistent with EIPH. CD39L1 SNPs were identified in 6 of 20 (30%) horses with unexplained hemorrhage and 8 of 21 (38%) horses with pathologic features consistent with EIPH. CD39 and CD39L1 SNPs were identified in 5 of 8 (62.5%) and one of 8 (12.5%) horses, respectively, presenting with colic or weight loss. CD39 and CD39L1 SNPs were identified in 28 of 45 (62%) and 13 of 45 (28.8%) healthy horses, respectively. Conclusions: CD39 and CD39L1 are critically important in maintaining normal hemostasis and limiting inflammation. Further studies are needed to evaluate their role in the pathogenesis of equine EIPH.
© 2015 American Society for Veterinary Clinical Pathology.
Publication Date: 2015-12-07 PubMed ID: 26642303DOI: 10.1111/vcp.12303Google Scholar: Lookup
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- Journal Article
Summary
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The study investigates how changes in certain genes linked to blood clotting and inflammation might be related to abnormal bleeding and exercise-induced lung bleeding, a common issue in racehorses.
Research Goal
- The research had two main goals. First, to study the variations in three genes (CD39/NTPDase-1, CD39L1/NTPDase-2, and CD73), which encode proteins that play vital roles in blood clotting and limiting inflammation. Second, to assess their relation to abnormal bleeding or signs of exercise-induced bleeding in the lungs of horses.
Research Methodology
- The researchers studied 76 horses – 23 that had abnormal bleeding, 8 with gastrointestinal problems, 21 with pathological signs of lung bleeding from exercise, plus 45 healthy horses acting as a control group.
- They used polymerase chain reaction-based methods, a molecular biology technique, to enable them to analyze the genes in question in detail.
Research Findings
- The researchers found four specific changes in the DNA sequence, known as single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), three in the CD39 gene and one in the CD39L1 gene. Yet, no variations were found in the CD73 gene.
- Most of the horses with unexplained bleeding and lung bleeding from exercise showed the changes in the CD39 gene. Similarly, a smaller proportion showed alterations in the CD39L1 gene.
- The genes in question were also altered in a significant proportion of the healthy horses and those with gastrointestinal problems, but at a lower rate than the other groups.
Conclusion
- This study concluded by highlighting the crucial importance of CD39 and CD39L1 genes for maintaining normal blood clotting and limiting inflammation levels in horses.
- This paves the way for further studies that could further investigate their role in the onset and development of exercise-induced lung bleeding in horses.
Cite This Article
APA
Boudreaux MK, Koehler J, Habecker PL, Del Piero F.
(2015).
Evaluation of the genes encoding CD39/NTPDase-1 and CD39L1/NTPDase-2 in horses with and without abnormal hemorrhage and in horses with pathologic evidence of exercise-induced pulmonary hemorrhage.
Vet Clin Pathol, 44(4), 617-625.
https://doi.org/10.1111/vcp.12303 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA.
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA.
- Department of Pathobiology, New Bolton Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA.
MeSH Terms
- Adenosine Triphosphatases / genetics
- Adenosine Triphosphatases / metabolism
- Animals
- Antigens, CD / genetics
- Antigens, CD / metabolism
- Apyrase / genetics
- Apyrase / metabolism
- Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic
- Genetic Predisposition to Disease
- Hemorrhage / genetics
- Hemorrhage / metabolism
- Hemorrhage / veterinary
- Horse Diseases / genetics
- Horse Diseases / metabolism
- Horses
- Lung Diseases / genetics
- Lung Diseases / metabolism
- Lung Diseases / veterinary
- Physical Exertion
- Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide
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