FREE SHIPPING over $40
OVER 10000 FIVE-STAR REVIEWS
5% OFF ALL SUBSCRIPTIONS
100% HAPPINESS GUARANTEE
Analyze Diet
0
Veterinary immunology and immunopathology2010; 138(1-2); 95-105; doi: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2010.07.011

Evaluation of the systemic acute phase response and endometrial gene expression of serum amyloid A and pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in mares with experimentally induced endometritis.

Abstract: Infectious infertility in the mare is clinically well described, little is however known about the systemic acute phase reaction (APR) and local immunological responses accompanying equine endometritis. The aim of this study was to monitor selected markers of the APR in the systemic circulation and to correlate them to the local innate immune response in the uterus during infectious endometritis. Six adult standard bred mares received an intrauterine infusion of 10(9)CFU Escherichia coli. Blood samples were obtained before (0 h) and 3, 6, 12, 24, 36, 48, 72, 96 and 120 h post inoculation (pi), and endometrial biopsies were sampled before, and 3, 12, 24, 48 and 72 h pi. The infectious endometritis elicited a systemic APR with significantly increased concentrations of the acute phase proteins (APPs) serum amyloid A (SAA) and fibrinogen. Relative gene expression analyses were performed on extracted RNA from endometrial biopsies using quantitative real-time PCR and specific primers for SAA and pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines. Expression of SAA was significantly up-regulated at 3 and 12h pi, and a significant up-regulated expression of IL-1β, TNFα, IL-8 and IL-10 was observed at 3h pi. Plasma concentration of SAA was significantly correlated to endometrial SAA expression. The results of the present study demonstrate that endometritis gives rise to a systemic APR and an up-regulated endometrial gene expression of SAA and several pro-and anti-inflammatory cytokines. Understanding endometrial expression of acute phase proteins and selected cytokines contributing to uterine immunity in equine endometritis could improve understanding of events leading to infertility in the mare and help identify candidate genes of mediators/markers for diagnostic use.
Copyright © 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Get Full Text
Publication Date: 2010-07-21 PubMed ID: 20728224DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2010.07.011Google Scholar: Lookup
The Equine Research Bank provides access to a large database of publicly available scientific literature. Inclusion in the Research Bank does not imply endorsement of study methods or findings by Mad Barn.
LinkedInCopy
  • Evaluation Study
  • Journal Article
  • Research Support
  • Non-U.S. Gov't

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This study investigates the systemic and local immune response in mares during infectious endometritis, an inflammation of the uterus, with particular focus on acute phase proteins and pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines. The finding suggests that infectious endometritis leads to a systemic acute phase response and increased uterine gene expression of serum amyloid A and several pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines, which may help understand infertility in mares and devise diagnostic markers.

Research Context and Overview

  • The research focuses on infectious infertility in mares, particularly endometritis, inflammation of the uterus lining. Although this condition is well described clinically, information was limited on the systemic acute phase reaction (APR) and local immunological responses during endometritis.
  • The study’s main aim was to track chosen APR markers in the systemic circulation and how they correlate to the local innate immune response in the uterus during infectious endometritis.

Methodology

  • Six adult standard bred mares were infused with a bacteria known as Escherichia coli into their uteri. Blood samples and endometrial biopsies were taken at several intervals before and after bacterial inoculation.
  • These samples were studied to monitor the systemic APR, with serum amyloid A (SAA) and fibrinogen being the specific proteins of interest.
  • Relative gene expression analyses, using quantitative real-time PCR, were performed on the RNA extracted from the endometrial biopsies. It focused on the expression of SAA and pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines.

Major Findings

  • The onset of infectious endometritis brought about a systemic APR, with significant increase in the concentrations of acute phase proteins SAA and fibrinogen.
  • The expression of SAA markedly upregulated in the uterus at 3 and 12 hours post bacterial inoculation.
  • There was also a significant increase in the expression of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines, including IL-1β, TNFα, IL-8 and IL-10 at 3 hours post inoculation.
  • The systemic concentrations of SAA in plasma correlated significantly with the endometrial SAA expression.

Conclusions

  • The results demonstrate that infectious endometritis triggers both a systemic APR and an up-regulated uterine gene expression of SAA and multiple pro-and anti-inflammatory cytokines.
  • Understanding the uterine expression of these proteins and cytokines in endometritis could clarify the processes leading to infertility in mares and help identify potential genes of mediators or markers for diagnostic uses.

Cite This Article

APA
Christoffersen M, Baagoe CD, Jacobsen S, Bojesen AM, Petersen MR, Lehn-Jensen H. (2010). Evaluation of the systemic acute phase response and endometrial gene expression of serum amyloid A and pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in mares with experimentally induced endometritis. Vet Immunol Immunopathol, 138(1-2), 95-105. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetimm.2010.07.011

Publication

Veterinary immunology and immunopathology
ISSN: 1873-2534
NlmUniqueID: 8002006
Country: Netherlands
Language: English
Volume: 138
Issue: 1-2
Pages: 95-105

Researcher Affiliations

Christoffersen, Mette
  • Section for Veterinary Reproduction and Obstetrics, Department of Large Animal Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Dyrlaegevej 68, 1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark. metc@life.ku.dk
Baagoe, Camilla Dooleweerdt
    Jacobsen, Stine
      Bojesen, Anders Miki
        Petersen, Morten Roenn
          Lehn-Jensen, Henrik

            MeSH Terms

            • Acute-Phase Reaction / blood
            • Acute-Phase Reaction / genetics
            • Acute-Phase Reaction / immunology
            • Acute-Phase Reaction / veterinary
            • Animals
            • Base Sequence
            • Biomarkers / blood
            • Cytokines / genetics
            • DNA Primers / genetics
            • Endometritis / blood
            • Endometritis / genetics
            • Endometritis / immunology
            • Endometritis / veterinary
            • Escherichia coli Infections / blood
            • Escherichia coli Infections / genetics
            • Escherichia coli Infections / immunology
            • Escherichia coli Infections / veterinary
            • Female
            • Gene Expression
            • Horse Diseases / blood
            • Horse Diseases / genetics
            • Horse Diseases / immunology
            • Horses
            • Infertility, Female / blood
            • Infertility, Female / genetics
            • Infertility, Female / immunology
            • Infertility, Female / veterinary
            • Inflammation Mediators / blood
            • Serum Amyloid A Protein / genetics

            Citations

            This article has been cited 24 times.
            1. Boni R, Cecchini Gualandi S. Relationship between Oxidative Stress and Endometritis: Exploiting Knowledge Gained in Mares and Cows. Animals (Basel) 2022 Sep 13;12(18).
              doi: 10.3390/ani12182403pubmed: 36139263google scholar: lookup
            2. Chotimanukul S, Suwimonteerabutr J, Techakumphu M, Swangchan-Uthai T. In Vitro Effects of Short-Term and Long-Term Heat Exposures on the Immune Response and Prostaglandin Biosynthesis in Bovine Endometrial Cells. Animals (Basel) 2022 Sep 9;12(18).
              doi: 10.3390/ani12182359pubmed: 36139219google scholar: lookup
            3. Ashareyoun H, Chalmeh A, Pourjafar M. Un-fractionated heparin counteracts the systemic inflammatory responses and multiple organ damages caused by endotoxaemia in sheep. Vet Med Sci 2022 May;8(3):1187-1196.
              doi: 10.1002/vms3.720pubmed: 34978390google scholar: lookup
            4. Rivera Del Alamo MM, Reilas T, Lukasik K, Galvão AM, Yeste M, Katila T. Inflammatory Markers in Uterine Lavage Fluids of Pregnant, Non-Pregnant, and Intrauterine Device Implanted Mares on Days 10 and 15 Post Ovulation. Animals (Basel) 2021 Dec 8;11(12).
              doi: 10.3390/ani11123493pubmed: 34944269google scholar: lookup
            5. Ibrahim S, Hedia M, Taqi MO, Derbala MK, Mahmoud KGM, Ahmed Y, Ismail S, El-Belely M. Alterations in the Expression Profile of Serum miR-155, miR-223, miR-17, miR-200a, miR-205, as well as Levels of Interleukin 6, and Prostaglandins during Endometritis in Arabian Mares. Vet Sci 2021 Jun 4;8(6).
              doi: 10.3390/vetsci8060098pubmed: 34199703google scholar: lookup
            6. Segabinazzi LGTM, Canisso IF, Podico G, Cunha LL, Novello G, Rosser MF, Loux SC, Lima FS, Alvarenga MA. Intrauterine Blood Plasma Platelet-Therapy Mitigates Persistent Breeding-Induced Endometritis, Reduces Uterine Infections, and Improves Embryo Recovery in Mares. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021 Apr 23;10(5).
              doi: 10.3390/antibiotics10050490pubmed: 33922743google scholar: lookup
            7. Wojtysiak K, Ryszka W, Stefaniak T, Król J, Kozdrowski R. Changes in the Secretion of Anti-Inflammatory Cytokines and Acute-Phase Proteins in the Uterus after Artificial Insemination in the Mare. Animals (Basel) 2020 Dec 19;10(12).
              doi: 10.3390/ani10122438pubmed: 33352707google scholar: lookup
            8. Pringle J, Venner M, Tscheschlok L, Waller AS, Riihimäki M. Markers of long term silent carriers of Streptococcus equi ssp. equi in horses. J Vet Intern Med 2020 Nov;34(6):2751-2757.
              doi: 10.1111/jvim.15939pubmed: 33074578google scholar: lookup
            9. Taylor S. A review of equine sepsis. Equine Vet Educ 2015 Feb;27(2):99-109.
              doi: 10.1111/eve.12290pubmed: 32313390google scholar: lookup
            10. Falomo ME, Del Re B, Rossi M, Giaretta E, Da Dalt L, Gabai G. Relationship between postpartum uterine involution and biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress in clinically healthy mares (Equus caballus). Heliyon 2020 Apr;6(4):e03691.
              doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e03691pubmed: 32258514google scholar: lookup
            11. Canisso IF, Segabinazzi LGTM, Fedorka CE. Persistent Breeding-Induced Endometritis in Mares - a Multifaceted Challenge: From Clinical Aspects to Immunopathogenesis and Pathobiology. Int J Mol Sci 2020 Feb 20;21(4).
              doi: 10.3390/ijms21041432pubmed: 32093296google scholar: lookup
            12. Long A, Nolen-Walston R. Equine Inflammatory Markers in the Twenty-First Century: A Focus on Serum Amyloid A. Vet Clin North Am Equine Pract 2020 Apr;36(1):147-160.
              doi: 10.1016/j.cveq.2019.12.005pubmed: 32007299google scholar: lookup
            13. Baithalu RK, Singh SK, Kumaresan A, Kumar S, Maharana BR, Mallick S, Mohanty TK, Mohanty AK. Targeted transcript analysis revealed association of suboptimal expression of certain endometrial immunity-related genes with disparate uterine diseases in zebu cows. Trop Anim Health Prod 2019 Nov;51(8):2493-2503.
              doi: 10.1007/s11250-019-01958-3pubmed: 31197726google scholar: lookup
            14. Witkowska-Piłaszewicz OD, Żmigrodzka M, Winnicka A, Miśkiewicz A, Strzelec K, Cywińska A. Serum amyloid A in equine health and disease. Equine Vet J 2019 May;51(3):293-298.
              doi: 10.1111/evj.13062pubmed: 30565319google scholar: lookup
            15. Andreassen SM, Vinther AML, Nielsen SS, Andersen PH, Tnibar A, Kristensen AT, Jacobsen S. Changes in concentrations of haemostatic and inflammatory biomarkers in synovial fluid after intra-articular injection of lipopolysaccharide in horses. BMC Vet Res 2017 Jun 19;13(1):182.
              doi: 10.1186/s12917-017-1089-1pubmed: 28629364google scholar: lookup
            16. Marth CD, Firestone SM, Glenton LY, Browning GF, Young ND, Krekeler N. Oestrous cycle-dependent equine uterine immune response to induced infectious endometritis. Vet Res 2016 Nov 8;47(1):110.
              doi: 10.1186/s13567-016-0398-xpubmed: 27825391google scholar: lookup
            17. Shao C, Wang H, Wang X, Jiang S, Sun J, Song H, Li J. Characterization of inflammatory responses by cervical cytology, cytokine expression and ultrastructure changes in a goat subclinical endometritis model. J Vet Med Sci 2017 Jan 24;79(1):197-205.
              doi: 10.1292/jvms.16-0096pubmed: 27746413google scholar: lookup
            18. Sikora M, Król J, Nowak M, Stefaniak T, Aubertsson G, Kozdrowski R. The usefulness of uterine lavage and acute phase protein levels as a diagnostic tool for subclinical endometritis in Icelandic mares. Acta Vet Scand 2016 Sep 7;58(1):50.
              doi: 10.1186/s13028-016-0233-4pubmed: 27604098google scholar: lookup
            19. Vinther AM, Heegaard PM, Skovgaard K, Buhl R, Andreassen SM, Andersen PH. Characterization and differentiation of equine experimental local and early systemic inflammation by expression responses of inflammation-related genes in peripheral blood leukocytes. BMC Vet Res 2016 Jun 1;12:83.
              doi: 10.1186/s12917-016-0706-8pubmed: 27250718google scholar: lookup
            20. Marth CD, Young ND, Glenton LY, Noden DM, Browning GF, Krekeler N. Deep sequencing of the uterine immune response to bacteria during the equine oestrous cycle. BMC Genomics 2015 Nov 14;16:934.
              doi: 10.1186/s12864-015-2139-3pubmed: 26572250google scholar: lookup
            21. Bundgaard L, Jacobsen S, Sørensen MA, Sun Z, Deutsch EW, Moritz RL, Bendixen E. The Equine PeptideAtlas: a resource for developing proteomics-based veterinary research. Proteomics 2014 Mar;14(6):763-73.
              doi: 10.1002/pmic.201300398pubmed: 24436130google scholar: lookup
            22. Christoffersen M, Woodward E, Bojesen AM, Jacobsen S, Petersen MR, Troedsson MH, Lehn-Jensen H. Inflammatory responses to induced infectious endometritis in mares resistant or susceptible to persistent endometritis. BMC Vet Res 2012 Mar 29;8:41.
              doi: 10.1186/1746-6148-8-41pubmed: 22458733google scholar: lookup
            23. Rastgar S, Naeemi AS, Ramezni S, Ahani S. Adverse effects of thermal pollution on rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss): unveiling the roles of heat shock proteins and acute-phase proteinsMette. Vet Res Commun 2026 Feb 5;50(2):145.
              doi: 10.1007/s11259-025-11064-5pubmed: 41642378google scholar: lookup
            24. Koziy RV, Katselis GS, Yoshimura S, Simko E, Bracamonte JL. Temporal kinetics of serum amyloid A (SAA) concentration and identification of SAA isoforms in blood and synovial fluid of horses with experimentally induced septic arthritis, non-septic synovitis, and systemic inflammation. J Vet Diagn Invest 2025 Jan;37(1):42-54.
              doi: 10.1177/10406387241299873pubmed: 39688235google scholar: lookup
            Subscribe to our newsletter
            Join 99,727 horse owners like you who receive our email updates on horse health and nutrition.