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The Journal of veterinary medical science2017; 79(12); 2011-2018; doi: 10.1292/jvms.16-0658

Evaluation of total intravenous anesthesia with propofol-guaifenesin-medetomidine and alfaxalone-guaifenesin-medetomidine in Thoroughbred horses undergoing castration.

Abstract: Anesthetic and cardiorespiratory effects of total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA) technique using propofol-guaifenesin-medetomidine (PGM) and alfaxalone-guaifenesin-medetomidine (AGM) were preliminarily evaluated in Thoroughbred horses undergoing castration. Twelve male Thoroughbred horses were assigned randomly into two groups. After premedication with intravenous (IV) administrations of medetomidine (5.0 µg/kg) and butorphanol (0.02 mg/kg), anesthesia was induced with guaifenesin (10 mg/kg IV), followed by either propofol (2.0 mg/kg IV) (group PGM: n=6) or alfaxalone (1.0 mg/kg IV) (group AGM: n=6). Surgical anesthesia was maintained for 60 min at a constant infusion of either propofol (3.0 mg/kg/hr) (group PGM) or alfaxalone (1.5 mg/kg/hr) (group AGM), in combination with guaifenesin (80 mg/kg/hr) and medetomidine (3.0 µg/kg/hr). Responses to surgical stimuli, cardiorespiratory values, and induction and recovery characteristics were recorded throughout anesthesia. During anesthesia induction, one horse paddled in group PGM. All horses from group AGM were maintained at adequate anesthetic depth for castration. In group PGM, 3 horses showed increased cremaster muscle tension and one showed slight movement requiring additional IV propofol to maintain surgical anesthesia. No horse exhibited apnea, although arterial oxygen tension decreased in group AGM to less than 60 mmHg. Recovery quality was good to excellent in both groups. In conclusion, TIVA using PGM and AGM infusion was available for 60 min anesthesia in Thoroughbred horses. TIVA techniques using PGM and AGM infusion provided clinically acceptable general anesthesia with mild cardiorespiratory depression. However, inspired air should be supplemented with oxygen to prevent hypoxemia during anesthesia.
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Publication Date: 2017-10-23 PubMed ID: 29057764PubMed Central: PMC5745181DOI: 10.1292/jvms.16-0658Google Scholar: Lookup
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  • Journal Article
  • Randomized Controlled Trial

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This study investigates the anesthetic and cardiorespiratory effects of two different types of Total Intravenous Anesthesia (TIVA) on Thoroughbred horses during a castration procedure. The first kind of anesthesia utilizes a combination of propofol-guaifenesin-medetomidine (PGM), the other using alfaxalone-guaifenesin-medetomidine (AGM). Findings suggest that these two types of anesthesia provide clinically acceptable results with mild cardiorespiratory depression. The use of supplemental oxygen is recommended to prevent hypoxemia during anesthesia.

Methodology

  • The study included 12 male Thoroughbred horses, randomly assigned to two groups.
  • These horses were first premedicated with medetomidine and butorphanol intravenously.
  • Anesthetic induction was achieved with guaifenesin, followed by either propofol (in one group) or alfaxalone (in the other group).
  • Surgical anesthesia was maintained for 60 minutes with continuous infusion of either propofol or alfaxalone, along with guaifenesin and medetomidine.

Observations

  • During anesthetic induction, one horse in the propofol group exhibited paddling behavior.
  • All horses in the alfaxalone group maintained an adequate anesthetic depth for the procedure.
  • Three horses in the propofol group showed increased muscle tension and one showed slight movement, requiring additional intravenous propofol to maintain surgical anesthesia.
  • No horse from either group exhibited any signs of apnea (temporary cessation of breathing).
  • Arterial oxygen tension decreased in the alfaxalone group to below 60 mmHg, possibly indicating hypoxemia.

Conclusions

  • Both TIVA techniques using PGM and AGM infusion were found to be available for 60 minute anesthesia in Thoroughbred horses.
  • The techniques provided clinically acceptable general anesthesia but resulted in mild cardiorespiratory depression.
  • To prevent hypoxemia during anesthesia, the administration of supplemental oxygen is recommended.
  • The quality of recovery was observed to be ‘good to excellent’ in both groups.

This research signifies progress in anesthetic procedures for equine surgery, providing valuable data on utilizing Total Intravenous Anesthesia (TIVA) with different anesthetic combinations. This could potentially optimize equine surgical practices and improve recovery rates.

Cite This Article

APA
Aoki M, Wakuno A, Kushiro A, Mae N, Kakizaki M, Nagata SI, Ohta M. (2017). Evaluation of total intravenous anesthesia with propofol-guaifenesin-medetomidine and alfaxalone-guaifenesin-medetomidine in Thoroughbred horses undergoing castration. J Vet Med Sci, 79(12), 2011-2018. https://doi.org/10.1292/jvms.16-0658

Publication

The Journal of veterinary medical science
ISSN: 1347-7439
NlmUniqueID: 9105360
Country: Japan
Language: English
Volume: 79
Issue: 12
Pages: 2011-2018

Researcher Affiliations

Aoki, Motoki
  • Racehorse Clinic, Miho Training Center, Japan Racing Association, Ibaraki 300-0493, Japan.
Wakuno, Ai
  • Racehorse Clinic, Miho Training Center, Japan Racing Association, Ibaraki 300-0493, Japan.
Kushiro, Asuka
  • Racehorse Clinic, Miho Training Center, Japan Racing Association, Ibaraki 300-0493, Japan.
Mae, Naomi
  • Racehorse Clinic, Miho Training Center, Japan Racing Association, Ibaraki 300-0493, Japan.
Kakizaki, Masashi
  • Racehorse Clinic, Miho Training Center, Japan Racing Association, Ibaraki 300-0493, Japan.
Nagata, Shun-Ichi
  • Laboratory of Racing Chemistry, Tochigi 320-0851, Japan.
Ohta, Minoru
  • Racehorse Clinic, Miho Training Center, Japan Racing Association, Ibaraki 300-0493, Japan.

MeSH Terms

  • Anesthesia, Intravenous / methods
  • Anesthesia, Intravenous / veterinary
  • Anesthetics, Combined / administration & dosage
  • Animals
  • Cardiovascular System / drug effects
  • Guaifenesin / administration & dosage
  • Horses
  • Male
  • Medetomidine / administration & dosage
  • Orchiectomy / veterinary
  • Pregnanediones / administration & dosage
  • Propofol / administration & dosage
  • Respiration / drug effects

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Citations

This article has been cited 2 times.
  1. Sato S, Yamano Y, Kanno C, Maeda Y, Takahashi F. Cardiopulmonary function, anesthetic effects, quality of arousal, hematology, and blood biochemistry during continuous intravenous infusion of a combination solution of xylazine, butorphanol, and propofol in calves. Vet Res Commun 2024 Aug;48(4):2295-2308.
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  2. Gozalo-Marcilla M, Ringer SK. Recovery after General Anaesthesia in Adult Horses: A Structured Summary of the Literature. Animals (Basel) 2021 Jun 14;11(6).
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