Evidence of respiratory tract infection induced by equine herpesvirus, type 2, in the horse.
Abstract: Five horses were experimentally exposed to equine herpesvirus 2 strain LK. Two young foals developed chronic pharyngitis (98 and 232 days, respectively). Growth characteristics, cytopathic effects (CPE), inclusion body formation, ether sensitivity, and immunofluorescent analysis indicated that the virus recovered from infected animals was a herpesvirus serologically identical with, or at least antigenically related to EHV-2 strain LK. No significant complement-fixing (CF) or virus-neutralizing (VN) antibody responses were observed in adult horses while both foals demonstrated a rise in CF antibody titer. One of the two foals demonstrated a rise in VN antibody only. The results suggest that EHV-2 virus induced chronic pharyngitis, primarily the result of lymphoid proliferation, with no overt clinical signs.
Publication Date: 1975-12-01 PubMed ID: 175904DOI: 10.1139/m75-281Google Scholar: Lookup
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- Journal Article
- Research Support
- U.S. Gov't
- P.H.S.
Summary
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This research investigates how exposure to equine herpesvirus 2 can lead to chronic throat inflammation (pharyngitis) in horses, particularly foals. It shows that the recovered virus is serologically similar to the EHV-2 strain and triggers an immune response in foals, but not in adult horses.
Experiment Overview
- The study experimented on five horses that were exposed to a strain of equine herpesvirus 2 (EHV-2), identified as the ‘LK’ strain.
- Notably, two young foals developed chronic pharyngitis or throat inflammation that lasted for 98 and 232 days, respectively.
Virus Characteristics
- The researchers observed various aspects of the virus, such as its growth characteristics, cytopathic effects (changes caused by virus growth in host cells), the formation of inclusion bodies, sensitivity to ether, and immunofluorescent analysis.
- The findings revealed that the virus recovered from the infected horses was similar to the EHV-2 strain ‘LK’, confirmed through several tests proving it to be a herpesvirus.
Immune Response
- There were no detectable complement-fixing (CF) or virus-neutralizing (VN) antibody responses in the adult horses in the experiment. These reactions are key components of an immune system’s response to infection.
- However, an increase in CF antibody titer (a measure of the concentration of antibodies in the blood) was observed in both foals. One of the two foals also showed a rise in VN antibodies. These responses indicate an immune response to the invading virus.
Conclusion
- The results suggest that the EHV-2 virus can trigger chronic pharyngitis in horses, linked mainly with lymphoid proliferation (an increase in the number of cells that produce antibodies).
- Interestingly, no overt clinical signs were noted, suggesting that the symptoms of the disease might be mild or not easily observable.
Cite This Article
APA
Blakeslee JR, Olsen RG, McAllister ES, Fassbender J, Dennis R.
(1975).
Evidence of respiratory tract infection induced by equine herpesvirus, type 2, in the horse.
Can J Microbiol, 21(12), 1940-1946.
https://doi.org/10.1139/m75-281 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
MeSH Terms
- Animals
- Antibody Formation
- Antigens, Viral / analysis
- Chronic Disease
- Culture Techniques
- Female
- Herpesviridae / growth & development
- Herpesviridae / immunology
- Herpesviridae Infections / veterinary
- Horse Diseases / microbiology
- Horses
- Male
- Pharyngitis / microbiology
- Pharyngitis / veterinary
Citations
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- Nielsen SS, Alvarez J, Bicout DJ, Calistri P, Canali E, Drewe JA, Garin-Bastuji B, Gonzales Rojas JL, Gortázar C, Herskin M, Michel V, Miranda Chueca MÁ, Roberts HC, Padalino B, Pasquali P, Spoolder H, Ståhl K, Calvo AV, Viltrop A, Winckler C, Carvelli A, Paillot R, Broglia A, Kohnle L, Baldinelli F, Van der Stede Y. Assessment of listing and categorisation of animal diseases within the framework of the Animal Health Law (Regulation (EU) No 2016/429): infection with Equine Herpesvirus-1. EFSA J 2022 Jan;20(1):e07036.
- Thorsteinsdóttir L, Jónsdóttir S, Stefánsdóttir SB, Andrésdóttir V, Wagner B, Marti E, Torsteinsdóttir S, Svansson V. The effect of maternal immunity on the equine gammaherpesvirus type 2 and 5 viral load and antibody response. PLoS One 2019;14(6):e0218576.
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