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Veterinary sciences2025; 12(4); 294; doi: 10.3390/vetsci12040294

Ex Vivo Pharmacokinetic/Pharmacodynamic Integration Model of Cefquinome Against Escherichia coli in Foals.

Abstract: Cefquinome is used to treat septicemia caused by () and respiratory infections caused by subsp. in foals. However, studies reporting the use of cefquinome to target as pathogens of sepsis are lacking. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the optimal dosage regimen for cefquinome against using a PK/PD model. After the administration of 1 mg/kg cefquinome (intramuscularly or intravenously), blood samples were collected at different time points to determine the serum concentration of cefquinome via HPLC. The pharmacokinetic parameters were evaluated via NCA (WinNonlin 5.2.1 software). The main pharmacokinetic parameters of cefquinome in foals were as follows: after intravenous administration, the elimination half-life (T) was 2.35 h, the area under the curve (AUC) was 12.33 μg·h/mL, the mean residence time (MRT) was 2.67 h, and the clearance rate (CL) was 0.09 L/h/kg. After intramuscular administration, the peak concentration (C) was 0.89 μg/mL, the time to reach the maximum serum concentration (T) was 2.16 h, T was 4.16 h, AUC was 5.41 μg·h/mL, MRT was 4.92 h, CL was 0.15 L/h/kg, and the absolute bioavailability (F) was 43.86%. An inhibitory sigmoid Emax model was used to integrate the PK/PD indices with ex vivo antimicrobial effects to identify pharmacodynamic targets (PDTs). According to the dose calculation formula, the doses of intramuscularly administered cefquinome required to achieve bacteriostatic effects, bactericidal effects, and bactericidal elimination were 1.10, 1.66, and 2.28 mg/kg, respectively. However, further studies are warranted to verify the therapeutic efficacy of cefquinome in clinical settings.
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Publication Date: 2025-03-22 PubMed ID: 40284796PubMed Central: PMC12031376DOI: 10.3390/vetsci12040294Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

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The researchers study the use of the drug Cefquinome in foals for the treatment of septicemia and respiratory infections caused by Escherichia coli. They use a pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) model to find the optimal dosage and examine its antimicrobial effects.

Study Design and Approach

  • The researchers aimed to find the optimal dosage regimen for Cefquinome, a drug used to treat Escherichia coli infections in foals. This was done using a PD/PK integration model.
  • 1mg/kg of Cefquinome was administered to the foals either intramuscularly or intravenously, and blood samples were collected to measure the concentration of the drug over time using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).
  • Using a software called WinNonlin, the pharmacokinetic parameters of Cefquinome were evaluated. These parameters included the elimination half-life (T), the area under the serum concentration-time curve (AUC), the mean residence time (MRT), and the clearance rate (CL).

Key Findings and Observations

  • Following intravenous administration, the researchers determined the elimination half-life to be 2.35 hours, the area under the curve as 12.33 μg·h/mL, the mean residence time as 2.67 hours, and the clearance rate as 0.09 L/h/kg.
  • After intramuscular administration, the peak concentration was found to be 0.89 μg/mL, the time to reach the maximum serum concentration as 2.16 hours. The elimination half-life was discovered to be 4.16 hours, AUC as 5.41 μg·h/mL, MRT as 4.92 hours, CL as 0.15 L/h/kg, and the absolute bioavailability as 43.86%.
  • To identify pharmacodynamic targets, an inhibitory sigmoid Emax model was used. This process integrated the previously recorded PK/PD parameters with the drug’s ex vivo antimicrobial effects.
  • As per the dose calculation formula, bacteriostatic effects were achieved with a dose of 1.10 mg/kg, bactericidal effects were attained at 1.66 mg/kg, and bactericidal elimination was seen at 2.28 mg/kg, all of which were administered intramuscularly. But, further research is required to confirm the therapeutic efficacy of Cefquinome in a clinical setting.

Cite This Article

APA
Gao T, Liu X, Qiu D, Li Y, Qiu Z, Qi J, Li S, Guo X, Zhang Y, Wang Z, Gao X, Ma Y, Ma T. (2025). Ex Vivo Pharmacokinetic/Pharmacodynamic Integration Model of Cefquinome Against Escherichia coli in Foals. Vet Sci, 12(4), 294. https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci12040294

Publication

Veterinary sciences
ISSN: 2306-7381
NlmUniqueID: 101680127
Country: Switzerland
Language: English
Volume: 12
Issue: 4
PII: 294

Researcher Affiliations

Gao, Tiantian
  • Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.
Liu, Xuesong
  • Heilongjiang Province Key Laboratory of Veterinary Drugs, Branch of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qiqihar 161005, China.
Qiu, Di
  • Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.
Li, Yanan
  • Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.
Qiu, Zongsheng
  • Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.
Qi, Jingjing
  • Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.
Li, Shuxin
  • Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.
Guo, Xiaoyan
  • Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.
Zhang, Yan
  • Heilongjiang Province Key Laboratory of Veterinary Drugs, Branch of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qiqihar 161005, China.
Wang, Ziqi
  • Feihe (Qiqihar) Dairy Co., Ltd., Qiqihar 161000, China.
Gao, Xiang
  • Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.
Ma, Yuhui
  • Zhaosu County Xiyu Horse Industry Co., Ltd., Zhaosu County, Yili 835699, China.
Ma, Tianwen
  • Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.
  • Zhaosu County Xiyu Horse Industry Co., Ltd., Zhaosu County, Yili 835699, China.

Grant Funding

  • 32402967 and 32402966 / National Natural Science Foundation of China
  • YQ2023C015 / Heilongjiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation

Conflict of Interest Statement

Author Ziqi Wang was employed by the company Feihe (Qiqihar) Dairy Co., Ltd.; Author Yuhui Ma and Tianwen Ma was employed by the company Zhaosu County Xiyu Horse Industry Co., Ltd. The remaining authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

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