Excitation of the ventricular epicardium in the horse.
Abstract: Summary
Epicardial potential measurements were made in 21 horses. Unipolar and bipolar electrograms were recorded from numerous sites on both the right and left ventricular surface. Unlike the situation in man and dog, the earliest epicardial breakthrough of excitation was present in two areas on the left ventricular surface.
Activation of the largest parts of the ventricular surfaces occurred in a very short period of time. No fronts of activation could be demonstrated. Only in some basal parts isochrones could be drawn: the extreme basal areas were the last to be depolarised. A possible explanation for the genesis of the different unipolar epicardial deflections is discussed.
Zusammenfassung
über die Erregungsausbreitung im Ventrikelepikard des Pferdes
Bei 21 Pferden wurden von vielen Stellen des Epikards die Aktionspotentiale unipolar und bipolar registriert. Im Gegensatz zum Menschen und zum Hund werden zwei Stellen an der Oberfläche des linken Ventrikels am frühesten erregt. Der größte Teil der Ventrikeloberfläche wird in einer sehr kurzen Zeit aktiviert. Eigentliche Aktivierungsfronten konnten nicht festgestellt werden. An gewissen Basispartien konnten hingegen Isochrone ermittelt werden. Am letzten werden die äußersten Basispartien der Ventrikel depolarisiert. Die Entstehungsweise der unterschiedlich geformten unipolaren Aktionspotentiale im Epikard wird besprochen.
Resumen
El dromotropismo del epicardio ventricular en el caballo
Desde muchos puntos del epicardio, se registraron en 21 caballos los potenciales uni y bipolares de acción. A diferencia del hombre y perro, son excitadas en primer lugar dos áreas en la superficie del ventrículo izquierdo. La parte mayor de la superficie ventricular es activada en un espacio de tiempo muy breve. No se pudo demostrar la existencia de frentes de acción propiamente dichos. Sin embargo, se pudieron registrar isocronos en ciertas partes basales. Las áreas basales extremas son las últimas en ser despolarizadas. Se discute la explicación posible de la génesis de las diferentes desviaciones unipolares en el epicardio.
Résumé
Etendue de l'excitation dans l'épicarde ventriculaire du cheval
Des mesures du potentiel de l'épicarde ont été faites chez 21 chevaux. Des électrogrammes ont été relevés unipolairement et bipolairement à partir de nombreux points situés à droite et à gauche sur la surface ventriculaire. Contrairement à l'homme et au chien, deux endroits de la surface du ventricule gauche sont excités au plus tôt. La plus grande partie de la surface du ventricule est excitée dans un très court moment. Aucun front d'activation n'a pu être démontré. Par contre des isochrones ont pu être relevés dans certaines parties de la base. Les endroits situés à l'extrêmité de la base du ventricule sont les derniers à être dépolarisés. On décrit les modes de formation des différents potentiels d'actions unipolaires de l'épicarde.
Publication Date: 1975-08-01 PubMed ID: 811015DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0442.1975.tb01453.xGoogle Scholar: Lookup
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- Journal Article
Summary
This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.
This research explored the excitation process of the ventricular epicardium in horses, noting two areas of initial excitation on the left ventricular surface which is different from findings in humans and dogs. The study further discusses the pattern of activation in ventricular surfaces and provides an explanation for different unipolar epicardial deflections.
Measurement and Recording
- The study performed epicardial potential measurements on 21 horses.
- Both unipolar and bipolar electrograms were recorded from multiple sites on the right and left ventricular surfaces of the horses’ hearts.
- The objective of these recordings was to accurately capture the process of ventricular excitation in the horse heart, particularly focusing on the initial sites of this excitation, or ‘breakthrough’.
Results of the Measurement and Recording
- Contrary to patterns observed in humans and canines, the earliest epicardial breakthrough of excitation was located in two areas on the left ventricular surface of the horse’s heart. This suggests a unique pattern of heart activity in equine subjects.
- The study found that activation of the largest parts of the ventricular surfaces happened quickly, within a very short period of time.
- The researchers did not observe distinct fronts of activation in their horse subjects.
- Only in some basal parts of the heart (near the base), isochrones could be drawn, showcasing varying levels of electrical activity over time. The extreme basal areas were the last to depolarise or to lose their polarization.
Discussion of Results
- The research provides an explanation for the varying unipolar epicardial deflections (changes in the electric potential) that were recorded.
- The study results shed light on the unique ventricular activation pattern in horses which differs from that in humans and dogs. Specifically, it indicates that equine hearts exhibit dual initial epicardial excitation sites on the left ventricular surface and a rapid activation of ventricular surfaces.
- The observed sequence of depolarization, where the extreme basal areas were the last to lose their polarization, also forms a central discussion point of this research’s findings.
Cite This Article
APA
Muylle E, Oyaert W.
(1975).
Excitation of the ventricular epicardium in the horse.
Zentralbl Veterinarmed A, 22(6), 463-473.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0442.1975.tb01453.x Publication
Researcher Affiliations
MeSH Terms
- Action Potentials
- Animals
- Electrocardiography / veterinary
- Heart / physiology
- Heart Conduction System / physiology
- Heart Ventricles
- Horses / physiology
- Pericardium / surgery
Citations
This article has been cited 1 times.- Hesselkilde EM, Isaksen JL, Petersen BV, Carstensen H, Jespersen T, Pehrson S, Kanters JK, Buhl R. A novel approach for obtaining 12-lead electrocardiograms in horses. J Vet Intern Med 2021 Jan;35(1):521-531.
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