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Veterinary sciences2017; 4(1); 9; doi: 10.3390/vetsci4010009

Exercise-Induced Cardiac Remodeling: Lessons from Humans, Horses, and Dogs.

Abstract: Physical activity is dependent upon the cardiovascular system adequately delivering blood to meet the metabolic and thermoregulatory demands of exercise. Animals who regularly exercise therefore require a well-adapted heart to support this delivery. The purpose of this review is to examine cardiac structure, and the potential for exercise-induced cardiac remodeling, in animals that regularly engage in strenuous activity. Specifically, we draw upon the literature that has studied the "athlete's heart" in humans, horses, and dogs, to enable the reader to compare and contrast cardiac remodeling in these three athletic species. The available literature provides compelling evidence for exercise-induced cardiac remodeling in all three species. However, more work is required to understand the influence of species/breed specific genetics and exercise-related hemodynamics, in order to fully understand the impact of exercise on cardiac structure.
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Publication Date: 2017-02-12 PubMed ID: 29056668PubMed Central: PMC5606617DOI: 10.3390/vetsci4010009Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This research paper examines the impact of regular strenuous exercise on the transformation of heart structure in different athletic species, namely humans, horses, and dogs. Despite identifying substantial supporting evidence for exercise-induced cardiac remodeling in all three species, the authors highlight the potential influence of species-specific genetics and exercise-related hemodynamics that requires further investigation.

Objective of the Research

  • The research primarily focuses on understanding the cardiac structure and its ability to adapt to regular intense exercise in humans, horses, and dogs, with these species serving as exemplars of athletic animals.
  • The motivation behind the study is to inform the reader about the phenomenon of “athlete’s heart” in distinct species, while encouraging comparative analysis of cardiac remodeling across these diverse species.

Findings of the Study

  • The research establishes robust evidence supporting exercise-induced cardiac remodeling in each of the studied species – humans, horses, and dogs.
  • These transformations in cardiac structure are seen as essential adaptations to support the heightened metabolic and thermoregulatory demands associated with regular strenuous physical activity.

Areas for Further Investigation

  • While the study provides comprehensive evidence of exercise-induced cardiac remodeling, it also points out the need for further research.
  • Future investigations are suggested to specifically address the role of species/breed-specific genetics and exercise-related hemodynamics on cardiac remodeling.
  • These factors are appreciated as possibly influential in the process of cardiac transformation stemming from regular exercise, but their impact remains not fully understood, hence warranting deeper exploration.

Implications of the Research

  • This research illustrates the importance of the cardiovascular system’s adaptiveness in athletic species towards intense physical activity.
  • Furthering understanding in this area can add valuable knowledge about how various factors, including genetics and hemodynamics, might affect the heart structure during exercise. This can be beneficial for human cardiac health understanding and for optimized training in athletic animals.

Cite This Article

APA
Shave R, Howatson G, Dickson D, Young L. (2017). Exercise-Induced Cardiac Remodeling: Lessons from Humans, Horses, and Dogs. Vet Sci, 4(1), 9. https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci4010009

Publication

Veterinary sciences
ISSN: 2306-7381
NlmUniqueID: 101680127
Country: Switzerland
Language: English
Volume: 4
Issue: 1
PII: 9

Researcher Affiliations

Shave, Rob
  • Cardiff Centre for Exercise and Health, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff CF23 6XD, UK. rshave@cardiffmet.ac.uk.
Howatson, Glyn
  • Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne TN1 8ST, UK. glyn.howatson@northumbria.ac.uk.
  • Water Research Group, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa. glyn.howatson@northumbria.ac.uk.
Dickson, Dave
  • Heart Vets, Porthcawl, Wales CF36 5LD, UK. dave@heartvets.co.uk.
Young, Lesley
  • Specialist equine Cardiology Services, Moulton, Suffolk CB8 8SD, UK. lesleyeyoung@gmail.com.

Conflict of Interest Statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

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