FREE SHIPPING over $40
OVER 9000 FIVE-STAR REVIEWS
5% OFF ALL SUBSCRIPTIONS
100% HAPPINESS GUARANTEE
Analyze Diet
0
Home / Equine Research Bank / Equine Vet J Suppl / Exercise-induced pulmonary haemorrhage during submaximal exe...
Equine veterinary journal. Supplement2007; (36); 502-507; doi: 10.1111/j.2042-3306.2006.tb05595.x

Exercise-induced pulmonary haemorrhage during submaximal exercise.

Abstract: Maximally exercising horses achieve mean pulmonary artery pressures (Ppa(mean)) that exceed the minimum threshold (75 mmHg) estimated for pulmonary capillary rupture and exercise-induced pulmonary haemorrhage (EIPH). EIPH is not expected to occur during moderate submaximal exercise (i.e. 40-60% VO2max) since Ppa(mean) remains well below this threshold. Objective: Prolonged submaximal exercise (trotting) would precipitate locomotory respiratory uncoupling and cause EIPH. This would be present as a result of the most negative intrapleural pressures (as estimated by the minimum oesophageal pressure; Poes(min)) occurring simultaneously with the most positive Ppa (Ppa(peak)) to produce estimated maximal pulmonary artery transmural pressures (PATMPmax) that surpass the EIPH threshold. Methods: Five Thoroughbred horses trotted to fatigue (approximately 25 min) at 5 m/sec on a 10% incline. Ventilation (V(E)), Poes, and Ppa were measured at 5 min intervals, and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) red blood cells (RBCs) were quantified 45 min post exercise. Results: BAL revealed an increased EIPH (rest: 2.0 +/- 1 x 10(5), exercise: 17 +/- 10 x 10(5) RBCs/ml BALF; P<0.05), despite the highest Ppamean reaching only mean +/- s.e. 55 +/- 3 mmHg, while V(E), tidal volume and Poes(min) approached 70-80% of the values achieved at maximal running speeds (10% incline: 12-13 m/sec) by these same horses. The resulting PATMPmax was well above the level considered causative of EIPH. Conclusions: The finding of significant EIPH during submaximal exercise broadens the spectrum of performance horses susceptible to EIPH and supports studies that suggest that extravascular factors are of primary importance in the aetiology of EIPH. Conclusions: Consideration of strategies such as the equine nasal strip for reducing negative extravascular pressures is warranted even for exercise at moderate intensities.
Get Full Text
Publication Date: 2007-04-04 PubMed ID: 17402474DOI: 10.1111/j.2042-3306.2006.tb05595.xGoogle Scholar: Lookup
The Equine Research Bank provides access to a large database of publicly available scientific literature. Inclusion in the Research Bank does not imply endorsement of study methods or findings by Mad Barn.
LinkedInCopy
  • Journal Article
  • Research Support
  • N.I.H.
  • Extramural
  • Research Support
  • Non-U.S. Gov't

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The study investigates the correlation between submaximal exercise and exercise-induced pulmonary haemorrhage (EIPH) in horses. It found that prolonged submaximal exercise can cause EIPH, suggesting that even performance horses exercising at moderate intensities may be susceptible to the condition, and strategies for reducing associated pressures should be considered.

Objective of the Research

  • The researchers aimed to observe if prolonged submaximal exercise, such as trotting, could cause EIPH in horses. The working hypothesis was that unfavorable oesophageal and pulmonary artery pressures during submaximal exercise could lead to EIPH, despite Ppa(mean) remaining below the usual 75 mmHg threshold associated with the condition.

Methodology Used

  • Five Thoroughbred horses were tested, trotting to fatigue (roughly 25 minutes) at five meters per second on a slope of 10% incline.
  • The researchers measured various parameters at 5-minute intervals, including ventilation (V(E)), minimum oesophageal pressure (Poes), and mean pulmonary artery pressure (Ppa).
  • A bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) was used to quantify red blood cells (RBCs) 45 minutes after exercise.

Results Found

  • Despite the highest Ppa(mean) reaching only around 55 mmHg, which is below the normal threshold for EIPH, the researchers found significant increases in EIPH identified via broncho-alveolar lavage.
  • The observed PATMPmax was well above the level usually linked to EIPH, suggesting it is not the sole causative of the condition.

Conclusions Drawn

  • They concluded that prolonged submaximal exercise can contribute to significant EIPH in horses, broadening the understanding of when and why this condition may occur.
  • The study found that factors external to the vasculature were of primary importance in the occurrence of EIPH. Therefore, considering protective strategies, like equine nasal strips to reduce negative pressures, even during moderate intensity exercises might be warranted.

Cite This Article

APA
Epp TS, McDonough P, Padilla DJ, Gentile JM, Edwards KL, Erickson HH, Poole DC. (2007). Exercise-induced pulmonary haemorrhage during submaximal exercise. Equine Vet J Suppl(36), 502-507. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2042-3306.2006.tb05595.x

Publication

Equine veterinary journal. Supplement
NlmUniqueID: 9614088
Country: United States
Language: English
Issue: 36
Pages: 502-507

Researcher Affiliations

Epp, T S
  • Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, USA.
McDonough, P
    Padilla, D J
      Gentile, J M
        Edwards, K L
          Erickson, H H
            Poole, D C

              MeSH Terms

              • Animals
              • Blood Gas Analysis / veterinary
              • Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid / cytology
              • Erythrocyte Count / veterinary
              • Hemorrhage / etiology
              • Hemorrhage / veterinary
              • Horse Diseases / etiology
              • Horses
              • Lung Diseases / etiology
              • Lung Diseases / veterinary
              • Male
              • Oxygen Consumption
              • Physical Conditioning, Animal / adverse effects
              • Physical Conditioning, Animal / physiology
              • Pulmonary Artery / physiology
              • Pulmonary Circulation / physiology
              • Pulmonary Wedge Pressure / physiology

              Citations

              This article has been cited 4 times.
              1. Poole DC, Copp SW, Colburn TD, Craig JC, Allen DL, Sturek M, O'Leary DS, Zucker IH, Musch TI. Guidelines for animal exercise and training protocols for cardiovascular studies.. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2020 May 1;318(5):H1100-H1138.
                doi: 10.1152/ajpheart.00697.2019pubmed: 32196357google scholar: lookup
              2. Poole DC, Erickson HH. Exercise-induced pulmonary hemorrhage: where are we now?. Vet Med (Auckl) 2016;7:133-148.
                doi: 10.2147/VMRR.S120421pubmed: 30050846google scholar: lookup
              3. Kim DS, Lee M, Kwon OJ, Jeong I, Son JW, Na MJ, Kwon SJ. A 45-Year-Old Man With Recurrent Dyspnea and Hemoptysis during Exercise: Exercise-Induced Pulmonary Hemorrhage/Edema.. Tuberc Respir Dis (Seoul) 2015 Oct;78(4):375-9.
                doi: 10.4046/trd.2015.78.4.375pubmed: 26508928google scholar: lookup
              4. Hsia CC, Schmitz A, Lambertz M, Perry SF, Maina JN. Evolution of air breathing: oxygen homeostasis and the transitions from water to land and sky.. Compr Physiol 2013 Apr;3(2):849-915.
                doi: 10.1002/cphy.c120003pubmed: 23720333google scholar: lookup
              Subscribe to our newsletter
              Join 99,034 horse owners like you who receive our email updates on horse health and nutrition.