Exercise influences circadian gene expression in equine skeletal muscle.
Abstract: Circadian rhythms are endogenously generated 24-h oscillations that coordinate numerous aspects of mammalian physiology, metabolism and behaviour. The existence of a molecular circadian clock in equine skeletal muscle has previously been demonstrated. This study investigates how the circadian 24-h expression of exercise-relevant genes in skeletal muscle is influenced by a regular exercise regime. Mid-gluteal, percutaneous muscle biopsies were obtained over a 24-h period from six Thoroughbred mares before and after an 8-week exercise programme. Real-time qPCR assays were used to assess the expression patterns of core clock genes ARNTL, PER2, NR1D1, clock-controlled gene DBP, and muscle genes MYF6, UCP3, VEGFA, FOXO1, MYOD1, PPARGC1A, PPARGC1B, FBXO32 and PDK4. Two-way repeated measures ANOVA revealed a significant interaction between circadian time and exercise for muscle genes MYF6, UCP3, MYOD1 and PDK4. A significant effect of time was observed for all genes with the exception of VEGFA, where a main effect of exercise was observed. By cosinor analysis, the core clock genes, ARNTL (P <0.01) and NR1D1 (P <0.05), showed 24-h rhythmicity both pre- and post-exercise, while PER2 expression was rhythmic post-exercise (P <0.05) but not pre-exercise. The expression profiles of muscle genes MYOD1 and MYF6 showed significant fits to a 24-h cosine waveform indicative of circadian rhythmicity post-exercise only (P <0.01). This study suggests that the metabolic capacity of muscle is influenced by scheduled exercise and that optimal athletic performance may be achieved when exercise times and competition times coincide.
Copyright © 2014. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
Publication Date: 2014-03-31 PubMed ID: 24888677DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2014.03.028Google Scholar: Lookup
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- Journal Article
Summary
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The research reveals that regular exercise schedules influence the 24-hour expression of certain genes in horse muscle tissue, implying that optimal athletic performance may be achieved when exercise and competition schedules align.
Understanding Circadian Gene Expression
- Circadian rhythms are internal biological clocks that generate 24-hour cycles to regulate different aspects of mammalian physiology, metabolism, and behaviour.
- These rhythms are controlled by ‘core clock genes’, which include ARNTL, PER2, and NR1D1.
- Previous studies have shown that a circadian molecular clock exists in the skeletal muscle of horses.
Methodology of the Study
- This research focused on understanding how a regular exercise regimen impacts the 24-hour expression of certain genes in horse skeletal muscle.
- To analyze this, muscle biopsies were taken from six Thoroughbred mares over a 24-hour period, both before and after going through an 8-week exercise program.
- The expression patterns of core clock genes and certain muscle genes were measured using real-time qPCR assays.
- A statistical analysis method known as two-way repeated measures ANOVA was utilized to examine the interplay between circadian time and exercise.
Results and Findings
- Significant interactions between exercise and circadian time were found for certain muscle genes, including MYF6, UCP3, MYOD1, and PDK4.
- All genes exhibited a significant correlation with time, save for VEGFA, where the main influence was observed to be exercise.
- Two of the core clock genes, ARNTL and NR1D1, displayed a 24-hour rhythm both before and after exercise. PER2, on the other hand, only showed this rhythm post-exercise.
- The expression patterns of muscle genes MYOD1 and MYF6 aligned significantly with a 24-hour cosine waveform only after exercise, suggesting the presence of a circadian rhythm.
Implications and Conclusion
- The findings suggest that scheduled exercise influences the metabolic capacity of muscles, and can impact the 24-hour expression pattern of certain genes in horse muscle tissue.
- This has implications for athletic performance, suggesting a potential strategy for optimal output by timing the exercise and competition schedules to align with each other.
Cite This Article
APA
Murphy BA, Wagner AL, McGlynn OF, Kharazyan F, Browne JA, Elliott JA.
(2014).
Exercise influences circadian gene expression in equine skeletal muscle.
Vet J, 201(1), 39-45.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tvjl.2014.03.028 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland. Electronic address: Barbara.murphy@ucd.ie.
- Center of Muscle Biology, Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA.
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
- Center for Chronobiology, Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of California, La Jolla, San Diego, CA 92093-0109, USA.
MeSH Terms
- Animals
- Circadian Rhythm
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Horses / genetics
- Horses / injuries
- Horses / physiology
- Muscle, Skeletal / injuries
- Muscle, Skeletal / physiology
- Physical Conditioning, Animal / physiology
- Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction / veterinary
- Species Specificity
Citations
This article has been cited 14 times.- Collery A, Browne JA, O'Brien C, Sheridan JT, Murphy BA. Optimised Stable Lighting Strengthens Circadian Clock Gene Rhythmicity in Equine Hair Follicles.. Animals (Basel) 2023 Jul 17;13(14).
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