Archives of virology2023; 168(1); 27; doi: 10.1007/s00705-022-05638-w

Experimental challenge of horses after prime-boost immunization with a modified live equid alphaherpesvirus 1 vaccine administered by two different routes.

Abstract: The immune response and protective efficacy of a modified equid alphaherpesvirus 1 (EHV-1) vaccine administered by two different routes were tested in horses. Horses that received intramuscular (IM) priming and an intranasal (IN) booster with a 28-day interval (IM-IN group [n = 6]), IN priming and IM booster (IN-IM group [n = 5]), or no vaccination (control group [n = 6]) were challenged with EHV-1 strain 10-I-224 28 days after the second vaccination. Both vaccinated groups had significantly higher serum virus-neutralizing titers than the control group, with increased levels of serum IgGa, IgGb, and IgA antibodies (p < 0.05). The nasal antibody response was dominated by the IgGa and IgGb subclasses in both vaccinated groups, with no IgA antibody response. After challenge infection, three of six control horses were pyretic for 1-4 days post-inoculation (dpi), whereas none in the vaccinated groups were pyretic during this period. The number of horses that were pyretic at 5-10 dpi was 4 out of 6 for the controls, 3 out of 6 for the IM-IN group, and 2 out of 5 for the IN-IM group. Nasal virus replication in the IN-IM group (3-4 dpi) and IM-IN group (3 dpi) was significantly lower than in the control group (p < 0.05). All of the control horses showed viremia, whereas two horses in the IM-IN group and one in the IN-IM group did not. In conclusion, although IM-IN or IN-IM vaccination did not elicit a mucosal IgA response, it provided partial protection at a level similar to that of the conventional program, likely due to systemic antibodies and mucosal IgG subclass responses.
Publication Date: 2023-01-04 PubMed ID: 36596958DOI: 10.1007/s00705-022-05638-wGoogle Scholar: Lookup
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  • Journal Article

Summary

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The research article focuses on understanding the effectiveness of a modified equid alphaherpesvirus 1 (EHV-1) vaccine administered via two different routes – intramuscular and intranasal – on horses. The study found that the vaccine was able to afford partial protection against EHV-1, albeit via different immune responses depending on the route of administration.

Introduction to the Experiment

  • The researchers embarked on a course to test the immune response and protective efficacy of a modified equid alphaherpesvirus 1 (EHV-1) vaccine in horses.
  • This was done by dividing the horses into three groups: one group received intramuscular (IM) priming and an intranasal (IN) booster with a 28-day interval (IM-IN group), the second group received IN priming and IM booster (IN-IM group), and the third group was not vaccinated and served as controls.
  • All groups were then exposed to EHV-1 strain 28 days after the second vaccination to observe their immune response.

Results of the Experiment

  • Both vaccinated groups had significantly higher serum virus-neutralizing titers than the control group.
  • They also showed increased levels of several types of antibodies, specifically IgGa, IgGb, and IgA antibodies, in serum.
  • However, the nasal antibody response was dominated by IgGa and IgGb subclasses in both vaccinated groups, with no IgA antibody response observed.
  • Post-infection, none of the horses in the vaccinated groups showed fever symptoms in the 1-4 days time period as opposed to the control group where half of them did.
  • However, by 5-10 days post-infection, still some horses in all groups showed fever symptoms.
  • Nasal virus replication in the vaccinated groups was significantly lower than in the control group, indicating a degree of disease resistance.
  • All of the control horses showed viremia (presence of viruses in the blood), whereas a few horses in each of the vaccinated groups did not.

Conclusion of the Research

  • Although the IM-IN or IN-IM vaccination did not elicit a mucosal IgA response, it still provided partial protection against EHV-1.
  • This level of protection was similar to that of the conventional program.
  • Systemic antibodies and mucosal IgG subclass responses were likely the providers of this partial protection, in absence of an IgA response.

Cite This Article

APA
Bannai H, Kambayashi Y, Nemoto M, Ohta M, Tsujimura K. (2023). Experimental challenge of horses after prime-boost immunization with a modified live equid alphaherpesvirus 1 vaccine administered by two different routes. Arch Virol, 168(1), 27. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00705-022-05638-w

Publication

ISSN: 1432-8798
NlmUniqueID: 7506870
Country: Austria
Language: English
Volume: 168
Issue: 1
Pages: 27

Researcher Affiliations

Bannai, Hiroshi
  • Equine Research Institute, Japan Racing Association, 1400-4 Shiba, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, 329-0412, Japan. bannai@equinst.go.jp.
Kambayashi, Yoshinori
  • Equine Research Institute, Japan Racing Association, 1400-4 Shiba, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, 329-0412, Japan.
Nemoto, Manabu
  • Equine Research Institute, Japan Racing Association, 1400-4 Shiba, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, 329-0412, Japan.
Ohta, Minoru
  • Equine Research Institute, Japan Racing Association, 1400-4 Shiba, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, 329-0412, Japan.
Tsujimura, Koji
  • Equine Research Institute, Japan Racing Association, 1400-4 Shiba, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, 329-0412, Japan.

MeSH Terms

  • Animals
  • Horses
  • Herpesvirus 1, Equid
  • Immunization
  • Vaccination / veterinary
  • Administration, Intranasal
  • Immunoglobulin A
  • Vaccines, Attenuated
  • Antibodies, Viral
  • Horse Diseases

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