Experimental infection in man and horses with influenza A viruses.
Abstract: The recognition of an antigenic relationship between the haemagglutinins of A/Equi-2 and A2/Hong Kong/68 viruses led to experimental studies in man and horses with these virus types.Human volunteers were inoculated with A/Equi-2/Miami/63 virus and virus shedding ensued in all subjects. The most common clinical response was a febrile illness indistinguishable from naturally occurring human influenza. After administration of A2/Hong Kong/68 virus to 10 ponies there was virus shedding from 9 and a febrile response in 6.When the human subjects previously inoculated with equine virus were challenged with A2/Hong Kong/68 virus, the frequency of illness and the extent of virus shedding were lower than was observed among control individuals. This immunity was found to be related to the level of heterologous serum antibody to the human virus which developed after equine virus infection. Challenge with A/Equi-2/Miami/63 virus of ponies previously inoculated with A2/Hong Kong/68 virus, in the absence of any measurable levels of heterologous antibody to the human strain, resulted in less shedding of virus among these than occurred in control animals.
Publication Date: 1969-01-01 PubMed ID: 5309454PubMed Central: PMC2427734
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- Journal Article
Summary
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This research article investigates and explores the relationship between two types of influenza A viruses (A/Equi-2 and A2/Hong Kong/68) in humans and horses, demonstrating that there are potential protective effects to pre-existing immunity from one virus type against the other.
Experimental Studies and Viral Inoculation
- The research began with antigenic tests on the A/Equi-2 and A2/Hong Kong/68 viruses, which indicated a relationship between the two.
- Human volunteers were then given the A/Equi-2/Miami/63 virus, with all subjects shedding the virus after inoculation. The primary response in subjects was febrile illness, which is essentially indistinguishable from typical human influenza.
- The A2/Hong Kong/68 virus was then given to 10 ponies. Out of these, nine exhibited virus-shedding after, while six showed febrile responses.
Cross-Infection and Immunity
- The researchers then proceeded to re-infect the human subjects, previously inoculated with equine virus (A/Equi-2), with the A2/Hong Kong/68 virus. The result showed a lesser incidence of illness and less pronounced virus shedding when compared to control individuals who hadn’t been previously infected with the equine virus.
- The immunity to the A2/Hong Kong/68 virus in the human subjects was linked to the level of heterologous serum antibody in response to the human virus following the equine virus infection.
Equine Re-Infection
- The ponies, previously inoculated with the A2/Hong Kong/68 virus, were then challenged with A/Equi-2/Miami/63 virus. Unlike the humans, these ponies did not have measurable levels of heterologous antibody to the human strain.
- Nevertheless, there was less virus shedding among these ponies when compared with control animals, indicating some degree of protective effect.
In conclusion, this paper shows that prior infection with one strain of virus (either A/Equi-2 in humans or A2/Hong Kong/68 in horses) reduces the severity of infection with the other strain.
Cite This Article
APA
Kasel JA, Couch RB.
(1969).
Experimental infection in man and horses with influenza A viruses.
Bull World Health Organ, 41(3), 447-452.
Publication
Researcher Affiliations
MeSH Terms
- Adult
- Animals
- Antigen-Antibody Reactions
- Cross Reactions
- Horse Diseases / immunology
- Horses
- Humans
- Immunity, Active
- Influenza, Human / immunology
- Influenza, Human / veterinary
- Male
References
This article includes 7 references
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Citations
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- Xie T, Anderson BD, Daramragchaa U, Chuluunbaatar M, Gray GC. A Review of Evidence that Equine Influenza Viruses Are Zoonotic. Pathogens 2016 Jul 12;5(3).
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