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Home / Equine Research Bank / J Gen Virol / Exploring the virome of diseased horses.
The Journal of general virology2015; 96(9); 2721-2733; doi: 10.1099/vir.0.000199

Exploring the virome of diseased horses.

Abstract: Metagenomics was used to characterize viral genomes in clinical specimens of horses with various organ-specific diseases of unknown aetiology. A novel parvovirus as well as a previously described hepacivirus closely related to human hepatitis C virus and equid herpesvirus 2 were identified in the cerebrospinal fluid of horses with neurological signs. Four co-infecting picobirnaviruses, including an unusual genome with fused RNA segments, and a divergent anellovirus were found in the plasma of two febrile horses. A novel cyclovirus genome was characterized from the nasal secretion of another febrile animal. Lastly, a small circular DNA genome with a Rep gene, from a virus we called kirkovirus, was identified in the liver and spleen of a horse with fatal idiopathic hepatopathy. This study expands the number of viruses found in horses, and characterizes their genomes to assist future epidemiological studies of their transmission and potential association with various equine diseases.
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Publication Date: 2015-06-04 PubMed ID: 26044792PubMed Central: PMC4635498DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.000199Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This research undertook the task of characterizing viral genomes found in horses with undiagnosed organ-specific diseases, using metagenomic techniques. The team identified several viruses including a new parvovirus, hepacivirus, equid herpesvirus 2, co-infecting picobirnaviruses, anellovirus, a novel cyclovirus and a new ‘kirkovirus’. The discovery of these viruses in horses could aid in future studies on how these viruses are transmitted and how they may contribute to various diseases in horses.

Method

  • Using metagenomics, the researchers examined the viral genomes present in clinical specimens from horses with organ-specific diseases.
  • These diseases didn’t have a well-known cause, making the search for viral pathogens a key aspect of the investigation.

Findings

  • A new parvovirus was found along with a known hepacivirus and equid herpesvirus 2. These were identified in the cerebrospinal fluid of horses displaying neurological symptoms.
  • They also discovered four co-infecting picobirnaviruses one of which had unusual genome structure with fused RNA segments, and a significantly different anellovirus were found in the plasma of two horses with fever.
  • In another febrile horse, a novel cyclovirus genome was characterized from its nasal secretion.
  • A new virus, named kirkovirus, was identified in the liver and spleen of a horse that had succumbed to fatal idiopathic hepatopathy (a disease of unknown cause affecting the liver). This particular virus has a small circular DNA genome that includes a Rep gene.

Impact and Future Work

  • This research adds to the count of identified viruses present in horses and provides detailed information on their genomic structure.
  • The identification and characterization of these viral genomes facilitates future epidemiological studies.
  • These studies can now investigate transmission of these newly identified viruses and their potential link to various diseases in equine populations.

Cite This Article

APA
Li L, Giannitti F, Low J, Keyes C, Ullmann LS, Deng X, Aleman M, Pesavento PA, Pusterla N, Delwart E. (2015). Exploring the virome of diseased horses. J Gen Virol, 96(9), 2721-2733. https://doi.org/10.1099/vir.0.000199

Publication

The Journal of general virology
ISSN: 1465-2099
NlmUniqueID: 0077340
Country: England
Language: English
Volume: 96
Issue: 9
Pages: 2721-2733

Researcher Affiliations

Li, Linlin
  • Blood Systems Research Institute, San Francisco, CA, USA.
  • Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Giannitti, Federico
  • California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA.
  • Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, USA.
  • Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria, La Estanzuela, Colonia, Uruguay.
Low, Jason
  • Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Keyes, Casey
  • Department of Biology, University of San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Ullmann, Leila S
  • Department of Microbiology and Immunology, UNESP Sao Paulo State University, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
Deng, Xutao
  • Blood Systems Research Institute, San Francisco, CA, USA.
  • Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Aleman, Monica
  • Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA.
Pesavento, Patricia A
  • Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA.
Pusterla, Nicola
  • Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA.
Delwart, Eric
  • Blood Systems Research Institute, San Francisco, CA, USA.
  • Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.

MeSH Terms

  • Animals
  • Genome, Viral
  • Horse Diseases / virology
  • Horses
  • Humans
  • Metagenomics
  • Molecular Sequence Data
  • Phylogeny
  • Virus Diseases / veterinary
  • Virus Diseases / virology
  • Viruses / classification
  • Viruses / genetics
  • Viruses / isolation & purification

Grant Funding

  • R01 HL105770 / NHLBI NIH HHS

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