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Journal of biomedical materials research. Part B, Applied biomaterials2024; 112(10); e35484; doi: 10.1002/jbm.b.35484

Extraction and Physicochemical Characterization of Hydroxyapatites From Horse Humerus Bones of Different Ages (1, 3, 6, and 8 Years old) Calcined at Low Temperature.

Abstract: The aim of this work is to investigate the changes in the physicochemical properties of hydroxyapatite (HAp) extracted from horse humerus bones of different ages (1, 3, 6, and 8 years) subjected to low temperature calcination (600°C). Thermal analysis revealed significant mass loss due to water, collagen, organic compounds, carbonates, and age-related magnesium out-diffusion. Higher fat content in older bones contributed to increased mass loss. Phosphorus content remained constant across age groups, while calcium and sodium showed age-related fluctuations. Magnesium levels decreased with age, emphasizing its importance for early bone development. The Ca/P ratio deviated from the stoichiometric values due to additional ions from biogenic sources. Infrared spectroscopy identified functional groups in carbonated HAp, with changes observed before and after calcination. The full width at half maximum (FWHM) of the 961 cm band decreased with age, indicating improved crystalline quality. The molar absorption coefficients provided information on the changes in molecular concentration and emphasized the differences between the age groups. X-ray analysis revealed nanocrystalline HAp in all samples, with crystallite size increasing with age. Rietveld analysis showed that the lattice parameters were affected by the presence of organic material, but the lattice constants remained stable, confirming high crystallinity independent of age. TEM analysis confirmed nanocrystalline structures, with crystallite size increasing with age. SEM images showed the characteristic porosity of calcined HAp, with particle size correlating positively with age. Calcination at 600°C preserved the nanoscale properties and microcrystal formation. Raman spectroscopy confirmed the identity of HAp, with FWHM variations indicating age-related changes in crystalline quality. EHAp1 showed increased FWHM, indicating lower crystalline quality and increased trace element content.
© 2024 The Author(s). Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part B: Applied Biomaterials published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.
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Publication Date: 2024-09-19 PubMed ID: 39295140DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.35484Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This research intends to explore how the properties of hydroxyapatite, extracted from horse humerus bones at different ages and subjected to low temperature calcination, change. Differences in mass loss, mineral content, crystalline quality, and nanoparticle formation are found depending on the age of the horse bone.

Study Design and Findings

  • This research investigated how the age of a horse affects the physiochemical properties of the hydroxyapatite (HAp) in its bones when subjected to calcination at a low temperature of 600°C.
  • The experimental approach entailed analyzing HAp from bones taken from horses aged 1, 3, 6, and 8 years. The study examined mass loss, mineral content, and changes in the functional properties of HAp, alongside structural analysis using infrared spectroscopy, X-ray, Rietveld, TEM, and Raman spectroscopy analysis.

Mass Loss and Mineral Content

  • The thermal analysis revealed a considerable mass loss mostly caused by depletion of elements like water, collagen, organic compounds, carbonates, and magnesium. Older bones contained high fat content contributing to increased mass loss.
  • While the phosphorus content remained consistent across all age groups, the calcium and sodium showed fluctuations depending on the age. A remarkable observation was a decline in magnesium levels with age, indicating its importance in early bone development.

Functional and Structural Properties

  • The study identified functional groups in carbonated HAp, noting changes before and after calcination. The full width at half maximum (FWHM) of the 961 cm band decreased with age, implying improved crystalline quality.
  • X-ray analysis presented nanocrystalline HAp in all samples. However, the size of these crystallites increased with the age of the horse bone from which the HAp was extracted. The nanoscale properties and microcrystal formation remained preserved even after calcination at 600°C.
  • The Rietveld and Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis corroborated these findings, showing effects by organic material presence but maintaining high crystallinity regardless of age.
  • Lastly, Raman spectroscopy confirmed the identity of HAp, albeit with variations in FWHM indicting changes in crystalline quality relative to age.

Significance of the Study

  • This study is crucial because it provides insights into age-related changes in animal bones. This could be significant for understanding bone diseases, treatment, and potential applications in material and biomedical engineering.

The researchers analyzed EHAp1, which showed increased FWHM, indicating a lower crystalline quality and increased trace element content. By extracting and experimenting on young and more mature bones, the researchers were able to identify significant patterns about how age can affect the mineral and organic content, crystalline structure, and functional properties within these bones.

Cite This Article

APA
Correa-Piña BA, Castillo-Paz AM, Davila U, Rodriguez-Garcia ME. (2024). Extraction and Physicochemical Characterization of Hydroxyapatites From Horse Humerus Bones of Different Ages (1, 3, 6, and 8 Years old) Calcined at Low Temperature. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater, 112(10), e35484. https://doi.org/10.1002/jbm.b.35484

Publication

Journal of biomedical materials research. Part B, Applied biomaterials
ISSN: 1552-4981
NlmUniqueID: 101234238
Country: United States
Language: English
Volume: 112
Issue: 10
Pages: e35484

Researcher Affiliations

Correa-Piña, Brandon A
  • Posgrado en Ciencia e Ingeniería de Materiales, Centro de Física Aplicada y Tecnología Avanzada, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Campus Juriquilla, Querétaro, Querétaro, Mexico.
Castillo-Paz, Angelica M
  • Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Unidad Querétaro, Querétaro, Querétaro, Mexico.
Davila, Urso
  • Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Escuela de Veterinaria, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Querétaro, Querétaro, Mexico.
Rodriguez-Garcia, Mario E
  • Departamento de Nanotecnología, Centro de Física Aplica y Tecnología Avanzada, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Campus Juriquilla, Querétaro, Querétaro, Mexico.

MeSH Terms

  • Animals
  • Horses
  • Durapatite / chemistry
  • Humerus / chemistry
  • Cold Temperature
  • Aging

Grant Funding

  • IN106923 / PAPIIT-UNAM
  • CONAHCYT-Mexico

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