Failure of hyperimmune plasma to prevent pneumonia caused by Rhodococcus equi in foals.
Abstract: A trial was conducted on a Thoroughbred stud to determine whether or not the administration of anti-Rhodococcus equi hyperimmune plasma would reduce the prevalence of R equi pneumonia (rattles) in foals born in the 1992 horse breeding season. Hyperimmune plasma was administered to 34 foals; another 57 foals were untreated. There was no significant difference in the number of transfused foals developing R equi pneumonia compared with the untreated foals. The time required for recovery from pneumonia between the 2 groups was not significantly different.
Publication Date: 1995-11-01 PubMed ID: 8929188DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-0813.1995.tb06192.xGoogle Scholar: Lookup
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- Clinical Trial
- Controlled Clinical Trial
- Journal Article
- Research Support
- Non-U.S. Gov't
Summary
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This research was conducted to assess the efficacy of anti-Rhodococcus equi hyperimmune plasma in preventing pneumonia, commonly known as ‘rattles,’ in foals. However, the study found no significant difference in the incidence or recovery time from pneumonia between foals that received the treatment and those that didn’t.
Study Details and Methods
- The researchers conducted a trial on a Thoroughbred stud over the course of the 1992 horse breeding season.
- They administered anti-Rhodococcus equi hyperimmune plasma to 34 foals as a prospective treatment to prevent R equi pneumonia, also known as rattles.
- A comparison portion of the study included 57 untreated foals.
Results
- The primary finding of the study was that there was no significant difference in the prevalence of R equi pneumonia between the treated and untreated groups.
- Specifically, the number of foals that had been transfused with the hyperimmune plasma and subsequently developed pneumonia was not significantly different from the number in the untreated group.
Recovery Time
- This research also examined recovery times from pneumonia among the foals.
- It found that the time required for recovery was not significantly different between the two groups.
Implications and Conclusion
- The results suggest that the administration of anti-Rhodococcus equi hyperimmune plasma does not effectively prevent R equi pneumonia in foals.
- Furthermore, the treatment does not appear to influence the time required for a foal to recover from pneumonia.
- Therefore, the use of this hyperimmune plasma may not be an effective preventative treatment for R equi pneumonia in foals, based on this research in the 1992 breeding season.
Cite This Article
APA
Hurley JR, Begg AP.
(1995).
Failure of hyperimmune plasma to prevent pneumonia caused by Rhodococcus equi in foals.
Aust Vet J, 72(11), 418-420.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-0813.1995.tb06192.x Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Scone Diagnostic Veterinary Laboratory, New South Wales.
MeSH Terms
- Actinomycetales Infections / immunology
- Actinomycetales Infections / prevention & control
- Actinomycetales Infections / veterinary
- Animals
- Animals, Newborn
- Antibodies, Bacterial / analysis
- Antibodies, Bacterial / immunology
- Antibodies, Bacterial / therapeutic use
- Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay / veterinary
- Horse Diseases / epidemiology
- Horse Diseases / immunology
- Horse Diseases / prevention & control
- Horses
- Immunization, Passive / veterinary
- Immunoglobulin G / analysis
- New South Wales / epidemiology
- Prevalence
- Rhodococcus equi / immunology
Citations
This article has been cited 14 times.- Liu L, Cai P, Gu W, Duan X, Gao S, Ma X, Ma Y, Ma S, Li G, Wang X, Cai K, Wang Y, Cai T, Zhao H. Evaluation of vaccine candidates against Rhodococcus equi in BALB/c mice infection model: cellular and humoral immune responses. BMC Microbiol 2024 Jul 8;24(1):249.
- Knox A, Zerna G, Beddoe T. Current and Future Advances in the Detection and Surveillance of Biosecurity-Relevant Equine Bacterial Diseases Using Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification (LAMP). Animals (Basel) 2023 Aug 18;13(16).
- Kahn SK, Cywes-Bentley C, Blodgett GP, Canaday NM, Turner-Garcia CE, Flores-Ahlschwede P, Metcalfe LL, Nevill M, Vinacur M, Sutter PJ, Meyer SC, Bordin AI, Pier GB, Cohen ND. Randomized, controlled trial comparing Rhodococcus equi and poly-N-acetyl glucosamine hyperimmune plasma to prevent R equi pneumonia in foals. J Vet Intern Med 2021 Nov;35(6):2912-2919.
- Kahn SK, Cywes-Bentley C, Blodgett GP, Canaday NM, Turner-Garcia CE, Vinacur M, Cortez-Ramirez SC, Sutter PJ, Meyer SC, Bordin AI, Vlock DR, Pier GB, Cohen ND. Antibody activities in hyperimmune plasma against the Rhodococcus equi virulence -associated protein A or poly-N-acetyl glucosamine are associated with protection of foals against rhodococcal pneumonia. PLoS One 2021;16(8):e0250133.
- Cohen ND, Kahn SK, Cywes-Bentley C, Ramirez-Cortez S, Schuckert AE, Vinacur M, Bordin AI, Pier GB. Serum Antibody Activity against Poly-N-Acetyl Glucosamine (PNAG), but Not PNAG Vaccination Status, Is Associated with Protecting Newborn Foals against Intrabronchial Infection with Rhodococcus equi. Microbiol Spectr 2021 Sep 3;9(1):e0063821.
- Bordin AI, Cohen ND, Giguère S, Bray JM, Berghaus LJ, Scott B, Johnson R, Hook M. Host-directed therapy in foals can enhance functional innate immunity and reduce severity of Rhodococcus equi pneumonia. Sci Rep 2021 Jan 28;11(1):2483.
- Harvey AB, Bordin AI, Rocha JN, Bray JM, Cohen ND. Opsonization but not pretreatment of equine macrophages with hyperimmune plasma nonspecifically enhances phagocytosis and intracellular killing of Rhodococcus equi. J Vet Intern Med 2021 Jan;35(1):590-596.
- Folmar CN, Cywes-Bentley C, Bordin AI, Rocha JN, Bray JM, Kahn SK, Schuckert AE, Pier GB, Cohen ND. In vitro evaluation of complement deposition and opsonophagocytic killing of Rhodococcus equi mediated by poly-N-acetyl glucosamine hyperimmune plasma compared to commercial plasma products. J Vet Intern Med 2019 May;33(3):1493-1499.
- Rocha JN, Cohen ND, Bordin AI, Brake CN, Giguère S, Coleman MC, Alaniz RC, Lawhon SD, Mwangi W, Pillai SD. Oral Administration of Electron-Beam Inactivated Rhodococcus equi Failed to Protect Foals against Intrabronchial Infection with Live, Virulent R. equi. PLoS One 2016;11(2):e0148111.
- McQueen CM, Dindot SV, Foster MJ, Cohen ND. Genetic Susceptibility to Rhodococcus equi. J Vet Intern Med 2015 Nov-Dec;29(6):1648-59.
- Erganis O, Sayin Z, Hadimli HH, Sakmanoglu A, Pinarkara Y, Ozdemir O, Maden M. The effectiveness of anti-R. equi hyperimmune plasma against R. equi challenge in thoroughbred Arabian foals of mares vaccinated with R. equi vaccine. ScientificWorldJournal 2014;2014:480732.
- van der Geize R, Grommen AW, Hessels GI, Jacobs AA, Dijkhuizen L. The steroid catabolic pathway of the intracellular pathogen Rhodococcus equi is important for pathogenesis and a target for vaccine development. PLoS Pathog 2011 Aug;7(8):e1002181.
- Guerrero R, Bhargava A, Nahleh Z. Rhodococcus equi venous catheter infection: a case report and review of the literature. J Med Case Rep 2011 Aug 9;5:358.
- Oliveira AF, Ruas LP, Cardoso SA, Soares SG, Roque-Barreira MC. Vaccination of mice with salmonella expressing VapA: mucosal and systemic Th1 responses provide protection against Rhodococcus equi infection. PLoS One 2010 Jan 13;5(1):e8644.
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