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Animal microbiome2022; 4(1); 41; doi: 10.1186/s42523-022-00192-x

Fecal microbiome of horses transitioning between warm-season and cool-season grass pasture within integrated rotational grazing systems.

Abstract: Diet is a key driver of equine hindgut microbial community structure and composition. The aim of this study was to characterize shifts in the fecal microbiota of grazing horses during transitions between forage types within integrated warm- (WSG) and cool-season grass (CSG) rotational grazing systems (IRS). Eight mares were randomly assigned to two IRS containing mixed cool-season grass and one of two warm-season grasses: bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.] or crabgrass [Digitaria sanguinalis (L.) Scop.]. Fecal samples were collected during transitions from CSG to WSG pasture sections (C-W) and WSG to CSG (W-C) on days 0, 2, 4, and 6 following pasture rotation and compared using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Results: Regardless of IRS or transition (C-W vs. W-C), species richness was greater on day 4 and 6 in comparison to day 0 (P < 0.05). Evenness, however, did not differ by day. Weighted UniFrac also did not differ by day, and the most influential factor impacting β-diversity was the individual horse (R2 ≥ 0.24; P = 0.0001). Random forest modeling was unable to accurately predict days within C-W and W-C, but could predict the individual horse based on microbial composition (accuracy: 0.92 ± 0.05). Only three differentially abundant bacterial co-abundance groups (BCG) were identified across days within all C-W and W-C for both IRS (W ≥ 126). The BCG differing by day for all transitions included amplicon sequence variants (ASV) assigned to bacterial groups with known fibrolytic and butyrate-producing functions including members of Lachnospiraceae, Clostridium sensu stricto 1, Anaerovorax the NK4A214 group of Oscillospiraceae, and Sarcina maxima. In comparison, 38 BCG were identified as differentially abundant by horse (W ≥ 704). The ASV in these groups were most commonly assigned to genera associated with degradation of structural carbohydrates included Rikenellaceae RC9 gut group, Treponema, Christensenellaceae R-7 group, and the NK4A214 group of Oscillospiraceae. Fecal pH also did not differ by day. Conclusions: Overall, these results demonstrated a strong influence of individual horse on the fecal microbial community, particularly on the specific composition of fiber-degraders. The equine fecal microbiota were largely stable across transitions between forages within IRS suggesting that the equine gut microbiota adjusted at the individual level to the subtle dietary changes imposed by these transitions. This adaptive capacity indicates that horses can be managed in IRS without inducing gastrointestinal dysfunction.
© 2022. The Author(s).
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Publication Date: 2022-06-21 PubMed ID: 35729677PubMed Central: PMC9210719DOI: 10.1186/s42523-022-00192-xGoogle Scholar: Lookup
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  • Journal Article

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research article focuses on the impact of different types of grazing grass on the fecal microbiota of horses. The study finds that individual variations in horses have greater influence on the microbial communities than the grass type. Moreover, the study suggests that the equine gut microbiota can adapt to dietary changes imposed by different grass types, implying possible health stability in horses under different grazing systems.

Research Goals and Methodology

  • The study aims to understand how the fecal microbiota of horses changes when they switch between different types of grass within rotational grazing systems.
  • Eight mares were used in the study, rotating between mixed cool-season and warm-season grass in integrated grazing systems.
  • Fecal samples were collected during these transitions, specifically from cool-season grass to warm-season grass and vice versa.
  • The differences in fecal microbiota were studied using 16S rRNA gene sequencing, a popular method in molecular biology that enables the identification and comparison of bacteria from complex microbial communities.

Research Findings

  • The study observed an increase in species richness, the number of different species present in a particular area, on day 4 and 6 of transition in comparison to day 0.
  • However, species evenness, a measure of biodiversity that shows the relative abundance of different species in an area, did not show any significant change over the days.
  • The study found the individual horse to be the most influential factor affecting β-diversity, a measure of the total species diversity at a landscape level.
  • Three noticeably abundant bacterial co-abundance groups (BCG) were identified across all transitions, including members of Lachnospiraceae, Clostridium, Anaerovorax, and Sarcina maxima, which are known for their fibrolytic and butyrate-producing functions.
  • 38 BCG were found to be differentially abundant by horse, implicating significant individual variability in the gut microbiota of horses. The bacteria involved in these BCG primarily degrade structural carbohydrates.
  • The fecal pH of the horses remained unaffected by the type of grass they consumed.

Conclusion

  • The acquired results pointed towards a strong influence of individual horse over its fecal microbiota, particularly the specific composition of fiber-degraders.
  • The transition between forages within integrated rotational grazing systems (IRS) showed no major synchronic disturbance in the fecal microbial community, suggesting an adaptive response to subtle dietary changes.
  • This resilience and adaptive capacity indicate that horses can be managed in different grazing systems without causing any gastrointestinal disorders, providing essential insights for better horse nutrition management strategies.

Cite This Article

APA
Weinert-Nelson JR, Biddle AS, Williams CA. (2022). Fecal microbiome of horses transitioning between warm-season and cool-season grass pasture within integrated rotational grazing systems. Anim Microbiome, 4(1), 41. https://doi.org/10.1186/s42523-022-00192-x

Publication

Animal microbiome
ISSN: 2524-4671
NlmUniqueID: 101759457
Country: England
Language: English
Volume: 4
Issue: 1
Pages: 41

Researcher Affiliations

Weinert-Nelson, Jennifer R
  • Department of Animal Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA. jennifer.weinert@rutgers.edu.
Biddle, Amy S
  • Department of Animal and Food Sciences, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19711, USA.
Williams, Carey A
  • Department of Animal Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA.

Grant Funding

  • gne17-162 / Northeast SARE
  • gne17-162 / Northeast SARE
  • 1003557 / National Institute of Food and Agriculture
  • NJ06170 / New Jersey Agricultural Experiment Station

Conflict of Interest Statement

No conflict of interest declared by any of the authors.

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Citations

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