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Archives of virology2021; 166(5); 1421-1426; doi: 10.1007/s00705-021-05003-3

First detection and genetic characterization of equid herpesvirus 2, 4, and 5 in China.

Abstract: In November 2018, an outbreak of respiratory disease occurred in foals at an equestrian club in Changji, northern Xinjiang, China. We applied viral metagenomics to investigate this outbreak and identify potential pathogens involved in this equine respiratory syndrome. The metagenomics data revealed the presence of sequences matching those of equid herpesvirus (EHV) 2, 4, and 5. PCR with specific primers targeting ORF33 of EHV-4 and ORF8 of EHV-2 and EHV-5 revealed coinfection with these viruses in this respiratory syndrome. To investigate the prevalence of these viruses in China, 453 nasal swabs from clinically healthy thoroughbred foals (36/453, 7.9%) and horses (417/453, 92.1%) were collected from several equestrian clubs. Forty-five (9.9%) of the samples tested positive for EHV-5 DNA, and seven (1.5%) tested positive for EHV-2, but all were negative for EHV-4 DNA. Forty-nine (10.8%) samples tested positive for both EHV-5 and EHV-2 DNA. Using these samples, one complete EHV-4 ORF33, 10 partial EHV-2 ORF8, and 50 partial EHV-5 ORF8 sequences from the 10 diseased foals and 50 thoroughbred horses were then determined. Sequence analysis indicated that EHV-4 ORF33 and EHV-5 ORF8, in contrast to EHV-2 ORF8, had high sequence similarity to those of published sequences. Our data provide the first evidence that EHV-2, -4, and -5 co-circulate in China and that EHV-4 is potentially involved in this respiratory disease in foals.
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Publication Date: 2021-03-03 PubMed ID: 33656577PubMed Central: 3751611DOI: 10.1007/s00705-021-05003-3Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

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The research article outlines the first identification and genetic characterization of equid herpesvirus (EHV) types 2, 4, and 5 following an outbreak of respiratory disease in foals at an equestrian club in China. The study also highlights the presence of these viruses in asymptomatic horses and emphasizes their potential involvement in respiratory conditions in foals.

Study Background and Methodology

  • The research was carried out after an outbreak of respiratory disease in foals occurred at an equestrian club in Changji, northern Xinjiang, China in November 2018.
  • The study utilized viral metagenomics, a method which allows for the investigation of all viral genomes in a sample.
  • The metagenomics data revealed the presence of EHV-2, EHV-4, and EHV-5. Specific primers targeting genes in these viruses were then utilized to confirm their presence.
  • The team collected 453 nasal swabs from healthy foals and horses across several equestrian clubs in China to research the prevalence of these viruses in the overall equine population.

Research Findings

  • Out of the collected samples, 9.9% tested positive for EHV-5, 1.5% for EHV-2. None of the samples tested positive for EHV-4.
  • However, 10.8% samples showed positive results for both EHV-5 and EHV-2, an indication of coinfection.
  • Genetic sequences of these detected viruses were determined and compared. The EHV-4 and EHV-5 sequences showed high similarity to the published sequences, unlike EHV-2.

Significance of the Study

  • This research provides the first evidence of the co-circulation of EHV-2, EHV-4, and EHV-5 in China.
  • Amid rising health problems among the equid population, the study draws attention towards coinfection of these viruses and their potential contribution to respiratory illness in foals.
  • The findings underline the need for continual surveillance and improved biosecurity measures in equine environments to control such viruses.

Cite This Article

APA
Xie J, Tong P, Zhang L, Ren M, Song X, Jia C, Palidan N, Zhang L, Kuang L. (2021). First detection and genetic characterization of equid herpesvirus 2, 4, and 5 in China. Arch Virol, 166(5), 1421-1426. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00705-021-05003-3

Publication

Archives of virology
ISSN: 1432-8798
NlmUniqueID: 7506870
Country: Austria
Language: English
Volume: 166
Issue: 5
Pages: 1421-1426

Researcher Affiliations

Xie, Jinxin
  • Laboratory of Animal Etiology and Epidemiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China. xiejinxin198683@163.com.
Tong, Panpan
  • Laboratory of Animal Etiology and Epidemiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China.
Zhang, Lei
  • Laboratory of Animal Etiology and Epidemiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China.
Ren, Meiling
  • Laboratory of Animal Etiology and Epidemiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China.
Song, Xiaozhen
  • Laboratory of Animal Etiology and Epidemiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China.
Jia, Chenyang
  • Laboratory of Animal Etiology and Epidemiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China.
Palidan, Nuerlan
  • Laboratory of Animal Etiology and Epidemiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China.
Zhang, Li
  • Laboratory of Animal Etiology and Epidemiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China.
Kuang, Ling
  • Laboratory of Animal Etiology and Epidemiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China. kuangling62@126.com.

MeSH Terms

  • Animals
  • China / epidemiology
  • Coinfection / epidemiology
  • Coinfection / veterinary
  • Coinfection / virology
  • DNA, Viral / genetics
  • Disease Outbreaks
  • Genetic Variation
  • Herpesviridae / classification
  • Herpesviridae / genetics
  • Herpesviridae / isolation & purification
  • Herpesviridae Infections / epidemiology
  • Herpesviridae Infections / veterinary
  • Herpesviridae Infections / virology
  • Horse Diseases / epidemiology
  • Horse Diseases / virology
  • Horses
  • Metagenomics
  • Open Reading Frames / genetics
  • Phylogeny
  • Prevalence
  • Respiratory Tract Diseases / epidemiology
  • Respiratory Tract Diseases / veterinary
  • Respiratory Tract Diseases / virology

Grant Funding

  • 2019M653901XB / Project funded by China Postdoctoral Science Foundation
  • 2019D01A47 / The Natural Science Foundation of Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region
  • XJAU20180723 / Postdoctoral Science Foundation of Xinjiang Agricultural University
  • XJ20171123 / Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region High-Level Talent Introduction
  • 32060808 / National Natural Science Foundation of China

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Citations

This article has been cited 3 times.
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