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Home / Equine Research Bank / Vet World / First isolation of verocytotoxin-producing Escherichia coli ...
Veterinary world2022; 15(9); 2275-2284; doi: 10.14202/vetworld.2022.2275-2284

First isolation of verocytotoxin-producing Escherichia coli O157:H7 from sports animals in Southern Thailand.

Abstract: O157:H7 is enterohemorrhagic , which produces verocytotoxin or Shiga toxin. It is a well-known cause of severe diseases in humans worldwide. Cattle and other ruminants are the main reservoirs of this organism. Sports animals, such as fighting bulls, riding horses, and fighting cocks, are economic animals in Southern Thailand. This study aimed to identify O157:H7 from the rectal swabs of these sports animals and determine the antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of isolated bacteria. Unassigned: The rectal swabs were collected from 34 fighting bulls, 32 riding horses, and 31 fighting cocks. The swabs were cultured on MacConkey (MAC) Agar; the suspected colonies were then identified by VITEK 2 GN card, and the antimicrobial susceptibility was tested by VITEK 2 AST N194 in VITEK 2 Compact automation. O157:H7 was confirmed by culturing on sorbitol MAC agar, the ability to grow at 44°C, and the presence of H7 antigen. In addition, the ( attaching and effacing), along with and (Shiga cytotoxins) genes, were determined using polymerase chain reaction. Finally, the cytotoxicity of Shiga toxin was confirmed using the Vero cytotoxicity test. Unassigned: Fifty-five suspected isolates (56.70%), which were collected from 19 fighting bulls (55.88%), 13 riding horses (40.63%), and 23 fighting cocks (71.13%), were identified as . However, one sample (Bull H9/1) from fighting bulls had an equal confidence level (50%) for and O157. The confirmation of this isolate demonstrated that it was sorbitol non-fermenter, could assimilate L-lactate, was unable to grow well at 44°C, and reacted with anti-serum to H7 antigen. In addition, it was positive with and genes, and the toxin affected Vero cells by a dose-dependent response. The antimicrobial susceptibility test revealed that five out of 55 (9.09%) isolates were resistant to antimicrobial agents. All five isolates (21.74%) were collected from fighting cocks. Cock H4/3 was only one of the five isolates resistant to three antimicrobial agents (ciprofloxacin, moxifloxacin, and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole). Fortunately, it was not multidrug-resistant bacteria. Unassigned: This is the first report on detection of O157:H7 in fighting bulls and antibiotic-resistant characteristic of in fighting cocks in Southern Thailand. This research is beneficial in preventing the dissemination of O157:H7 or antimicrobial agent-resistant in sports animals and humans.
Copyright: © Songsri, et al.
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Publication Date: 2022-09-23 PubMed ID: 36341074PubMed Central: PMC9631374DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2022.2275-2284Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

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The research article describes the first isolation and identification of verocytotoxin-producing Escherichia coli O157:H7 bacteria from sports animals in Southern Thailand. The study also investigates their resistance to common antimicrobial agents.

Methodology

  • The researchers collected rectal swab samples from a total of 97 sports animals, including 34 fighting bulls, 32 riding horses, and 31 fighting cocks. These animals are commonly bred and trained for sports and other economic activities in Southern Thailand.
  • These swab samples were cultured on MacConkey Agar, a medium that encourages the growth of Gram-negative bacteria, including E. coli. The researchers used the VITEK 2 GN card to identify any colonies that were suspected to be E. coli.
  • The team also ran antimicrobial susceptibility tests on the suspected colonies using the VITEK 2 AST N194 in VITEK 2 Compact automation.
  • The presence of E.coli O157:H7 was further confirmed by culturing the samples on sorbitol MacConkey Agar and checking their ability to grow at 44°C. The researchers also looked for the presence of the H7 antigen.
  • Finally, the team identified specific bacterial genes, along with the cytotoxicity of the Shiga toxin, using a polymerase chain reaction and the Vero cytotoxicity test, respectively.

Results

  • Of the total swab samples cultured, 55 were suspected E.coli isolates. They comprised samples from 19 fighting bulls, 13 riding horses, and 23 fighting cocks.
  • One sample from a fighting bull showed a 50% confidence level for both E. coli and E. coli O157, confirmed through further tests. This sample was positive for E. coli O157:H7.
  • Further tests showed that five out of the 55 E. coli isolates were resistant to antimicrobial agents, all five being from fighting cocks. Only one isolate was resistant to three antimicrobial agents.

Significance

  • This is the first research to report the presence of E. coli O157:H7 in fighting bulls and antibiotic-resistant E. coli strains in fighting cocks from Southern Thailand.
  • The findings could be instrumental in controlling the spread of this harmful bacterial strain among sports animals and reducing the chances of zoonotic transmission (from animals to humans).
  • The research adds to knowledge of E. coli O157:H7 and its resistant strains, thus helping the scientific community to develop more effective preventive and treatment measures.

Cite This Article

APA
Songsri J, Mala W, Wisessombat S, Siritham K, Cheha S, Noisa N, Wongtawan T, Klangbud WK. (2022). First isolation of verocytotoxin-producing Escherichia coli O157:H7 from sports animals in Southern Thailand. Vet World, 15(9), 2275-2284. https://doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2022.2275-2284

Publication

Veterinary world
ISSN: 0972-8988
NlmUniqueID: 101504872
Country: India
Language: English
Volume: 15
Issue: 9
Pages: 2275-2284

Researcher Affiliations

Songsri, Jirarat
  • Department of Medical Technology, School of Allied Health Sciences, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, 80160 Thailand.
  • Center of Excellence Research for Melioidosis and Microorganisms, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, 80160 Thailand.
Mala, Wanida
  • Department of Medical Technology, School of Allied Health Sciences, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, 80160 Thailand.
  • Center of Excellence Research for Melioidosis and Microorganisms, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, 80160 Thailand.
Wisessombat, Sueptrakool
  • Department of Medical Technology, School of Allied Health Sciences, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, 80160 Thailand.
  • Center of Excellence Research for Melioidosis and Microorganisms, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, 80160 Thailand.
Siritham, Kesinee
  • Department of Medical Technology, School of Allied Health Sciences, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, 80160 Thailand.
Cheha, Sahida
  • Department of Medical Technology, School of Allied Health Sciences, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, 80160 Thailand.
Noisa, Nattita
  • Department of Medical Technology, School of Allied Health Sciences, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, 80160 Thailand.
Wongtawan, Tuempong
  • Department of Veterinary Medicine, Akkhraratchakumari Veterinary College, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, 80160 Thailand.
Klangbud, Wiyada Kwanhian
  • Department of Medical Technology, School of Allied Health Sciences, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, 80160 Thailand.
  • Center of Excellence Research for Melioidosis and Microorganisms, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, 80160 Thailand.

Conflict of Interest Statement

The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

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