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Communications biology2022; 5(1); 1038; doi: 10.1038/s42003-022-03993-7

Following the niche: the differential impact of the last glacial maximum on four European ungulates.

Abstract: Predicting the effects of future global changes on species requires a better understanding of the ecological niche dynamics in response to climate; the large climatic fluctuations of the last 50,000 years can be used as a natural experiment to that aim. Here we test whether the realized niche of horse, aurochs, red deer, and wild boar changed between 47,000 and 7500 years ago using paleoecological modelling over an extensive archaeological database. We show that they all changed their niche, with species-specific responses to climate fluctuations. We also suggest that they survived the climatic turnovers thanks to their flexibility and by expanding their niche in response to the extinction of competitors and predators. Irrespective of the mechanism behind such processes, the fact that species with long generation times can change their niche over thousands of years cautions against assuming it to stay constant both when reconstructing the past and predicting the future.
© 2022. The Author(s).
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Publication Date: 2022-09-29 PubMed ID: 36175492PubMed Central: PMC9523052DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03993-7Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This research examines how the last glacial maximum period (approximately 47,000 to 7,500 years ago) affected the ecological niches of four European ungulates: the horse, aurochs, red deer, and wild boar. The study suggests that these species survived the significant climate changes during this period by showing flexibility and expanding their niches due to the extinction of competitors and predators.

Research Objective

  • The primary goal of this study was to determine the manner in which the ecological niches of four European ungulates – the horse, aurochs, red deer, and wild boar – changed during the last glacial maximum period, a time of significant climate fluctuation. The researchers aimed to use this knowledge to better predict the effects of potential future global environmental changes on species.

Methodology

  • The researchers used paleoecological modelling over an extensive archaeological database to conduct their study. This approach allowed them to recreate the ecological conditions of that period and assess the ways these conditions could have affected the ecological niches of these species.

Findings

  • The studys findings suggest that all four species changed their niches during the last glacial maximum period. This shift was a response to the significant fluctuation in climate during the period and occurred in unique ways for each species.
  • The ability of these species to survive under these changing conditions was likely due to their flexibility and the expansion of their niches. This expansion was possibly prompted by the extinction of other species that were competitors or predators, thus reducing the pressure on resources or threat of predation.

Implications and Conclusions

  • The realization that these species with long generation times can change their ecological niche over thousands of years has important implications. This understanding warns against the notion of a static ecological niche for a species when reconstructing the past or predicting the future. Instead, the researchers highlight the necessity of considering the possibility of niche shifts over time due to evolving environmental conditions.

Cite This Article

APA
Leonardi M, Boschin F, Boscato P, Manica A. (2022). Following the niche: the differential impact of the last glacial maximum on four European ungulates. Commun Biol, 5(1), 1038. https://doi.org/10.1038/s42003-022-03993-7

Publication

Communications biology
ISSN: 2399-3642
NlmUniqueID: 101719179
Country: England
Language: English
Volume: 5
Issue: 1
Pages: 1038
PII: 1038

Researcher Affiliations

Leonardi, Michela
  • Evolutionary Ecology Group, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EJ, UK. ml897@cam.ac.uk.
Boschin, Francesco
  • U.R. Preistoria e Antropologia, Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche della Terra e dell'Ambiente, Università degli Studi di Siena, Via Laterina 8, 53100, Siena, Italy. francesco.boschin@unisi.it.
Boscato, Paolo
  • U.R. Preistoria e Antropologia, Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche della Terra e dell'Ambiente, Università degli Studi di Siena, Via Laterina 8, 53100, Siena, Italy.
Manica, Andrea
  • Evolutionary Ecology Group, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EJ, UK.

MeSH Terms

  • Animals
  • Archaeology
  • Databases, Factual
  • Deer
  • Ecosystem
  • Horses
  • Species Specificity
  • Sus scrofa
  • Swine

Conflict of Interest Statement

The authors declare no competing interests.

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